Mod 7

Question 1

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 1

Infectious diseases are caused by infectious agents and can be passed from one person or animal to another.

Question 2

What is the difference between infectious and non-infectious diseases?

Answer 2

Non-infectious diseases are caused by factors other than a pathogen and cannot be transferred between individuals.

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be transferred to another individual through either direct or indirect contact.

Question 3

What are Virulence factors?

Answer 3

Bacteria-associated molecules are required for a bacterium to cause disease while infecting eukaryotic hosts such as humans.

Question 4

What are some methods of disease transmission?

Answer 4

Direct
Indirect
Or via a vector (e.g. rats or mosquitos)

Question 5

What are the different categories of non-infectious diseases?

Answer 5

Genetic disease
Nutritional disease
Environmental disease.

Question 6

What are the 6 pathogenic groups.

Answer 6

Prion
Virus
Bacteria 
Protozoa
Fungi
Marco-parasite

Question 7

What are the characteristics of a Prion? What are some examples?

Answer 7

Characteristics:

• Defective form of protein molecules.
• Does not contain DNA or RNA
• Attacks brain or nerve cells
• Not visible with a light microscope.
• Non-living

Examples:
- Mad cow disease (BSE)

Question 8

What are the characteristics of a Virus? What are some examples?

Answer 8

Characteristics:

• Non-cellular
• Contains DNA and RNA
• Requires a living host to replicate
• Not visible with a light microscope.
• Non-living

Examples:

• Hepatitis B (HBV)
• AIDS (HIV)
• Small pox

Question 9

What is a disease?

Answer 9

Any process or condition that adversely affects the normal functioning of a living thing or parts of a living thing.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of Bacteria? What are some examples?

Answer 10

Characteristics:

• Living
• Unicellular, prokaryotic cells
• Contains a cell wall
• Visible with a light microscope

Examples:

• Tuberculosis
• Anthrax

Question 11

What does FMD stand for?

Answer 11

Foot and mouth disease

Question 12

Where does foot and mouth disease occur?

Answer 12

Only on animals (including humans), on their feet and mouth

Question 13

What are the types of direct transmission?

Answer 13

Person-to-person contact -occurs when an infected individual touches or exchanges bodily fluids with another individual.

Droplet spread - The result of droplet spray caused by talking, coughing, and sneezing.

Question 14

What are the types of indirect transmission? Give some information about it

Answer 14

Airborne transmission - Some pathogens remain suspended in the air for many hours outside of the body. they can travel long distances and infect an individual long after the original host has left the area

Contaminated objects - Transmission occurs when a surface or object containing the pathogen is touched and the pathogen is transferred to the mouth, nose, or eyes before washing the hands.

Food and drinking water - Several pathogens are transmitted as a result of improper treatment, handling, or storage of food and water.

Animal-to-person contact - This usually occurs from a scratch or bite from an infected animal or from handling waste.

Vector-borne - Usually spread by blood-sucking insects, including mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks.