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History Britain > Industrialisation And Protest 1785- 1870 > Flashcards

Industrialisation And Protest 1785- 1870 Flashcards

1
Q

What are enclosures?

A

Privatisation of land by land rich people. Poor people had to leave so they went to towns and cities.

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2
Q

Where was coal mining focused in the UK?

A

South Wales, the North

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3
Q

What were the Corn Laws and when were they?

A

1815, the Corn Laws prohibited foreign wheat imports. This kept wheat prices high and therefore high bread prices.

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4
Q

What were the Game laws and when were they published?

A

1815, government introduced harsh punishments for poaching which didn’t go down well in times of hardships e.g if you stole a rabbit you were killed.

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5
Q

What is mechanisation?

A

In some rural areas farmers had invested in better farming techniques such as the use of machinery and this led to loss of jobs in rural areas.

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6
Q

What did the population of Manchester go to between 1821 and 1841

A

135,000 to 235,000

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7
Q

In 1825 how many Irish lived in Manchester?

A

35000

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8
Q

How many cotton mills were there in 1838?

A

1600

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9
Q

How many cotton mills were there in Lancashire in 1838?

A

1200

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10
Q

When and what were the combinations acts?

A

1799/1800

They made strike action illegal

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11
Q

When were the combination acts repealed?

A

1824 and 1825

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12
Q

How many power looms compared to hand looms in 1820?

A

14000 to 240000

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13
Q

What were the wages for hand look weavers in 1805 and then in 1831?

A 
1805= 23 shillings a week
1831= 6 shillings a week
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14
Q

How many hand loom weavers lost their job in 1825?

A

250,000

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15
Q

What was the population in 1815, 1836 and 1836?

A

7.5 million, 11 million, 15 million

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16
Q

What were the years of the Napoleonic wars?

A

1803-1815

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17
Q

At the end of the Napoleonic wars (1815) how many demobilised soldiers were there?

A

400,000

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18
Q

When was the Bank of England formed?

A

1694

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19
Q

In 1784 how many banks were there?

A

119 banks

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20
Q

In 1808 how many banks were there?

A

800 banks

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21
Q

When did Charles 1 steal from the bank?

A

1640

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22
Q

What year could banks issue bank notes?

A

1797

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23
Q

What did the Bank of England Charter state and when was it written?

A

Denied the right to issue bank notes to banks of more than 6 members.
1844

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24
Q

What year was the Bank Of England Charter removed?

A

1826

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25
Q

When and where was the first joint stock bank?

A

October 1826 - Lancashire Banking Company

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26
Q

What year could joint stock banks issue cheques?

A

1833

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27
Q

How many joint stock banks where there in 1866 and how many branches nationwide?

A

154 joint stock banks, 850 branches nationwide

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28
Q

By 1851 how many cities had a population of over 100,000

A

29

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29
Q

In 1851 how big was London’s population?

A

2.3 million inhabitants

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30
Q

What was Manchester’s population in 1772 and 1831?

A

1772- 25,000

1831- 182,000

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31
Q

When was the Municipal Corporations Act and what did it mean?

A

1835 it meant local councils could take over control of local utilities e.g water and sewerage previously run by private companies.

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32
Q

When was the Railway Regulations Act and what did it mean?

A

1844 strengthened state power over rail companies and reserved the right to nationalise them

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33
Q

In 1842 what fraction of the mining workforce were children?

A

A third

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34
Q

What percentage of the workforce were under 20 in the 1840’s

A

49 %

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35
Q

What did the French Revolution start and end?

A

1789 and 1799

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36
Q

What was the reasons for the French Revolution? (4 reasons)

A
  1. Discontent with the French monarchy
  2. 2 years of bad harvests
  3. Finical crisis- economic crash
  4. Higher taxes
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37
Q

How was fighting in the French Revolution and what did they want?

A

Urban workers in Paris, the bourgeoisie they wanted a constitutional monarchy

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38
Q

When were the Gordon riots?

A

June 1780

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39
Q

Where were the Gordon riots?

A

London

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40
Q

How many people were involved in the Gordon riots and how many casualties?

A

50,000 involved and 300 deaths

41
Q

How long did the Gordon riots last?

A

A week

42
Q

What was the main cause for the Gordon riots?

A

Anti Catholic sentiment

43
Q

By Feb 1812 how many frames had been destroyed by the Luddite movement in Nottingham and what were the estimated cost?

A

1000 frames were destroyed in Nottingham at an estimated cost between £6,000 and £10,000

44
Q

When was the Frame breaking act published and what did it state?

A

1812 it made the deliberate destruction of frames an offence punishable by death.

45
Q

What was the Luddites?

A

They were skilled weavers who were threatened by new technology and feared the loss of their jobs e.g steam powered looms so they smashed them

46
Q

Where did the Swing riots occur?

A

South of England

47
Q

Why did the Swing riots occur?

A

2 consecutive bad harvests and the invention of new threshing machines

48
Q

What did the rioters do in the Swing riots?

A

Burnt down hay stacks and broke threshing machines

49
Q

What did the rioters want in the Swing riots?

A

Wage increase/ consistent wages, reduction of rent and the end of rural unemployment

50
Q

When did the Swing riots start and end?

A

1830 to 1831

51
Q

In the swing riots how many people were

a) arrested
b) killed

A

1,976 arrested

19 killed

52
Q

When and where were the Pentrich uprisings?

A

1817 in Derbyshire

53
Q

What were the factors leading to the Pentrich uprisings? (4)

A
  1. Corn Laws
  2. Radical leaders / influence of the French Revolution
  3. Poor harvests
  4. Recession
54
Q

What were the Pentrich uprisings?

A

A group of 200 men marched up to Nottingham in a protest against the government to meet a revolutionary force leading from north to London in support for a bill on parliamentary reform

55
Q

When was the blanketeers protest?

A

1817 March

56
Q

What was the Blanketeers protest?

A

Spinner and weavers protesting about unemployment in their trade to take a petition to the Prince Reagent with pleas to help the cotton trade.

57
Q

When were the Rebecca riots?

A

1839 and 1842

58
Q

Why did the Rebecca riots occur?

A

They were a protest against the high tolls having to be paid on Turnpike roads

59
Q

When and where were the Peterloo?

A

1819 and Manchester

60
Q

How many people were involved in the Peterloo?

A

60,000

61
Q

How many people were killed and wounded in the Peterloo massacre?

A

18 deaths

400 deaths

62
Q

What were the 6 acts?

A
  1. Prohibited military style drilling
  2. Magistrates were allowed to stop and search for weapons
  3. Banned meetings of 50+ people without consent of a magistrate
  4. Protected magistrates from the consequences of injuries in a crowd
  5. Increased penalties for writing seditious material
  6. Increased stamp duties
63
Q

Give 5 reasons why workers were unhappy during the early 19th century

A

Corn laws, living conditions, unemployment , game laws and repression by the government

64
Q

What was the origin of the name Luddites?

A

Ned Ludd the first person to smash machinery

65
Q

Where did the Luddite movement start and what years?

A

Nottinghamshire to protest about the introduction of power looms and loss of earnings.
1811-1816

66
Q

How did the government respond to the Blanketeers?

A

Spies , troops sent in, they only got to Manchester before the marchers were arrested

67
Q

What does Habeas Corpus mean and when did it happen?

A

Right to have a fair trial 1816/17

68
Q

Who led the Pentrich uprising and what happened to him?

A

Jeremiah Brandreth hanged

69
Q

Who was Captain Swing and what did he want?

A

Mythical figure, protesting for agriculture workers as a result of threshing machines

70
Q

What was the name of the radical speaker at Sparfields and Peterloo?

A

Henry Hunt

71
Q

When and what was Sparfields?

A

1816- political meeting with Henry Hunt

72
Q

What 4 things did the 1833 Factory act state?

A
  1. No child under 9 employed
  2. 9-13’s could work a max of 48 hours a week. Limited to a 8 hour day
  3. 13-18’s could work 12 hours a day
  4. All children under 13= 2 hours of education per day
73
Q

Why was the 1833 Factory act different?

A

It was enforced e.g an inspectorate of factories was established

74
Q

What was a problem with the 1833 Factory act? (2 reasons)

A
  1. There were only 4 men in the inspectorate of factories and so there were incapable of inspecting the 4000 mills it needed to reach.
  2. Only applied to the textile industry
75
Q

What was Edwin Chadwicks report called and when was it published?

A

The sanitary condition of the labouring population of Great Britain in 1842

76
Q

When was the health of towns association established

A

1844

77
Q

What was the anti corn league? Who led it? When was it established? Was it successful?

A

Created in 1839, led by Richard Cobden. The aim of the group was to repeal the Corn law of 1815. The corn laws were repealed in 1846

78
Q

When was the central boards of health made and what did it do?

A

1848, it over saw local boards and ensured they were maintaining local public health measures e.g fresh water, draining systems and sewerage.

79
Q

Why was the Public health unsuccessful in the short term?

A

It had no money and couldn’t compel local corporations to adopt its recommendations. Only in areas with a morality rate of 23 in every 1000 people did a local board of health have to be established.

80
Q

When was the first burial act passed? And what did it mean?

A

1852, it began the creation of a public network of cemeteries in London to be overseen by a burial board.

81
Q

When was the sanitary act passed and what did it mean?

A

1866, it made sanitation inspections compulsory or local corporations and required them to maintain accurate records of these inspections.

82
Q

When was the Bill of Rights published and what did it mean Britain have?

A

1689 it meant Britain had a system of parliamentary democracy

83
Q

When was the Hanoverian (German Protestant) family invited to become and the monarch and why

A

1714 to save the country from becoming Catholic again

84
Q

What years did George 111 reign? (Talk about prince reagent)

A

1760-1810/1820 he became mentally unstable so his son the prince reagent took charge between 1810-20

85
Q

By what year did the Palace of Westminster contain 2 houses?

A

1785

86
Q

What were the 3 main political parties at the time?

A

Whigs, Tories and Radicals

87
Q

Industrialisation

A

A period of social and economic change away from traditional rural work to urban industrial techniques

88
Q

Cottage industry

A

Small scale industry usually performed in individual homes or small communities rather in large factories

89
Q

Oligarchy

A

Authority concentrated into the hands of a few powerful usually self appointed and self interested people

90
Q

Nationalisation

A

The process of private businesses being taken under public ownership by the state

91
Q

What was the Great Exhibition

A

An exhibit in 1851 displaying the largest machines and inventions at the forefront of industrialisation. 100,000 objects sent by 15,000 contributors

92
Q

By 1801 what proportion of Birmingham lived in back to back housing

A

Two thirds

93
Q

Where/ when was the first major cholera outbreak in Britain

A

Sunderland in 1831 killing 32,000 people

94
Q

Who set up the first factory

A

Richard Arkwright

95
Q

Where was Arkwright cotton mill and how many people did it have

A

Cromford in 1771 employing more than 300 people

96
Q

Between 1770 and 1850 what was the increase in the production of coal

A

6 million to 55 million tonnes

97
Q

What were the average wages for those in a factory

A

12-15 shillings

98
Q

What was the poor rate

A

A tax applied to property in individual parishes. This money was then used to pay poor relief

History Britain (6 decks)

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