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I & M II > Final Thoughts > Flashcards

Final Thoughts Flashcards

1
Q

What is organ least likely to withstand hypoxia?

A

Brain

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2
Q

What are MEP?

A

Motor evoked potentials

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3
Q

What are SSEP?

A

Somatosensory evoked potentials

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4
Q

What does EEG stand for?

A

Electroencephalography

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5
Q

What does EEG measure?

A

Brain ischemia
Seizure activity
Brain metabolic activity

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6
Q

What does MEP measure?

A

Motor nerve ischemia / Spinal cord ischemia

Spinal cord injury / Motor nerve injury

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7
Q

What does SSEP measure?

A

Stroke
Spinal cord injury / Sensory nerve injury
Sensory nerve ischemia / Spinal cord ischemia

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8
Q

When using ECoG (electrocorticogram), what is the symbol given for midline ?

A

z

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9
Q

Where are the even numbers on ECoG?

A

RIght side

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10
Q

Where are odd numbers on ECoG?

A

Left side

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11
Q

What waves are indicative of sleep?

A

Spindle waves

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12
Q

Are the waves in synchrony when you are asleep or awake?

A

Asleep

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13
Q

What frequency range is sleep?

What are those waves called?

A

0-7 Hz

4-7 Hz = Theta ( Light anesthesia)
0-4 Hz = Delta (Deep anesthesia)

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14
Q

What frequency range is quiet wakefulness?

What are those waves called?

A 
8-12 Hz
Alpha waves (resting or eyes closed)
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15
Q

What kind of technique does the BIS monitor use?

A

Averaging

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16
Q

What waves are indicated by a >12 Hz and what do they indicate?

A

Beta waves

Indicates sedation / Stage 2 excitation

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17
Q

What is normal cerebral blood flow?

A

50mL / (100 g x min)

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18
Q

When does EEG become abnormal?

A

CBF of 20-25 mL / (100 g x min)

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19
Q

T or F: Deep anesthesia and ischemia produce the same EEG patterns?

A

TRUE

20
Q

How much does normal brain weigh?

A

1500 g or 3 lbs

21
Q

Which 2 IV drugs and what 1 class of drugs can cause burst suppression on EEG?

A

Etomidate
Propofol
Barbiturates

22
Q

When patient gets sleepier, what happens to f and what happens to amplitude?

A

f gets lower

Amplitude gets larger

23
Q

List intracranial contents:

A

Brain parenchyma : 1200-1600 mL
ECF : 100 - 150 mL
Blood: 100 - 150 mL
CSF: 100 - 150 mL

24
Q

What factors causes acidosis and vasodilation on cerebral vessels ultimately increasing ICP?

A

Increased PaCO2
Decreased Bicarb
Increased metabolic activity ( lactic , pyruvic)

25
Q

What factors causes alkalosis and vasoconstriction on cerebral vessels ultimately decreasing ICP?

A

Decreased PaCO2

Increased Bicarb

26
Q

Cerebral O2 consumption is what ?

A

20% of total body O2 consumption

~ 3.5 mL / 100 g / min
or ~ 50 mL / min

27
Q

How much of CO is CBF?

A

15% of CO

28
Q

What is TCD and how many MHz does the probes use?

A

Transcranial doppler

2- MHz probes

29
Q

What kind of waveform does TCD look like?

A

Arterial

30
Q

What does TCD look at?

A

Looks at middle cerebral artery perfusion

31
Q

What is cerebral blood flow autoregulation range?

A

50 - 150 mmHg

32
Q

How to calculate perfusion pressure?

A

PP = MAP - ICP

or MAP - CVP (if CVP is higher than ICP)

33
Q

What drugs for most part increase ICP?

A
    • Succinycholine
    • Ketamine
    • Nitroprusside
    • Hydralazine
    • Nitroglycerin
    • Nicardipine ++
34
Q

What drugs decrease ICP?

A
    • Etomidate
    • Mannitol
    • Furosemide
    • Barbiturates
    • Propofol
    • Benzo’s
35
Q

What do the inhaled anesthetics do to ICP?

A

All increase (iso increases it the least)

36
Q

What is only IV drug to increase CBF?

A

Ketamine

37
Q

On the glasco coma scale, what do the numbers indicate?

A
    • Small #’s mean more obtunded

- - Large #’s mean the better they are

38
Q

What is the best most sensitive way to detect venous air embolism?

A

Transesophageal echocardiography

Precordial doppler

39
Q

What is the standard way for ICP measuring and CSF drainage?

A

Ventriculostomy

40
Q

What does a intracranial hemorrhage present with?

A
    • Hypervolemic
    • Hypertension
    • Hemodilution
41
Q

What is a homunculus?

A

A diminutive human being without any deformity of physiology

42
Q

T or F: the motor area of the brain is slightly more frontal than the sensory area?

A

TRUE

43
Q

Can you NMB block when doing SSEP?

A

Yes, NMB does not affect

44
Q

What is the SSEP pathway?

What is MEP pathway?

A

Dorsal (posterior horns) = sensory

Ventral (anterior) horns = motor

45
Q

T or F: the larger the amplitude on the evoked potential waveform, the closer (nearness) to the electrical stimulus the electrode is

A

TRUE

46
Q

What does latency equal?

A

TIME

I & M II (21 decks)

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