Chapter 2

Question 1

Reactions to stress that occur during a stressful situation.

Answer 1

acute stress reactions

Question 2

The spread of an organism via droplets or dust.

Answer 2

airborne transmission

Question 3

Pathogenic microoganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. these pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus. (HIV)

Answer 3

bloodborne pathogens

Question 4

The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States. The CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

Answer 4

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 5

A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.

Answer 5

communicable disease

Question 6

The use of objects to limit a person’s visibility of you.

Answer 6

concealment

Question 7

The presence of infectious organisms on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient’s body.

Answer 7

contamination

Question 8

The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection.

Answer 8

cover

Question 9

A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, direction the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium.

Answer 9

critical incident stress management (CISM)

Question 10

Prolonged or excessive stress.

Answer 10

cumulative stress reactions

Question 11

Reactions to stress that occur after a stressful situation.

Answer 11

delayed stress reactions

Question 12

The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues.

Answer 12

designated officer

Question 13

Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact.

Answer 13

direct contact

Question 14

A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur.

Answer 14

exposure

Question 15

The contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease.

Answer 15

foodborne transmission

Question 16

The body’s response to stress that begins with an alarm response. followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion.

Answer 16

general adaptation syndrome

Question 17

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered live function.

Answer 17

hepatitis

Question 18

The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent.

Answer 18

host

Question 19

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body’s immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers.

Answer 19

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 20

The body’s ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease.

Answer 20

immune

Question 21

Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object.

Answer 21

indirect contact

Question 22

The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease.

Answer 22

infection

Question 23

Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel.

Answer 23

infection control

Question 24

A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

Answer 24

infectious disease

Question 25

The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace.

Answer 25

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 26

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host.

Answer 26

pathogen

Question 27

Protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material.

Answer 27

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 28

A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. Often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident, and may relate to an incident that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm.

Answer 28

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 29

The way in which an infectious disease is spread contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors.

Answer 29

transmission

Question 30

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.

Answer 30

standard precautions

Question 31

The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another.

Answer 31

vector-borne transmission