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Medicine > Cardiology Anatomy, Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiology Anatomy, Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiogenic area is derive from

And it forms

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

Forms two endocardial tubes

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2
Q

Fusion of endocardial tubes to form single cardiac tube occurs on day

A

Day 19

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3
Q

Dilatation of primitive heart to form

A 
5 dilatation-
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Primtive ventrice
Primitive atria 
Sinus venosus
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4
Q

Looping of heart is on day

A

Day 23

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5
Q

Heart starts beating on day

A

22

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6
Q

Truncus arteriosus splits to form

By fusion of ____

A

Aorta and pulmonary artery

Spiral septum

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7
Q

Anterior displaced spiral septum leads to

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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8
Q

No spiral septum will cause

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus

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9
Q

Failure of fusion of spiral septum will cause

A

Transposition of great arteries

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10
Q

Blood source of sinus venosus

A

Umbilical vein
Vitelline vein
Right common cardinal vein

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11
Q

Smooth part of right atrium is called

It is formed by

A

Sinus venarum

Body and right horn of SV

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12
Q

Left horn of SV regresses to form

A

Part of coronary sinus

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13
Q

Primitive atria and ventricle forms

A

Primitive Atria becomes rough part of atria

Primitive ventricle become rough part of both ventricle (trabeculae carnae)

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14
Q

Smooth part of ventricle is formed by

A

Bulbus cordis

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15
Q

What forms the connective tissue of endocardium

A

Cardiac jelly

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16
Q

Vitelline vein gives rise to

A

Hepatic vein
Superior mesentric vein
Portal vein
Inferior portion of IVC

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17
Q

Foramen ovale is formed between

A

Septum primum and secundum

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18
Q

Septum primum forms ____ after birth

Septum secundum forms ____ after birth

A

Fossa ovalis

Limbus fossa

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19
Q

Functional and anatomical closure of ductus arteriosus occurs when

A

Function-12-24 hrs after birth

Anatomical- 2-3 wks after birth

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20
Q

Median umbilical ligament is developed from

A

Urachus

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21
Q

Umbilical artery forms

A

Medial umbilical ligament

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22
Q

Two layers of pericardium and their development

A

Fibrous - septum transversum

Serous - lateral mesoderm

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23
Q

Heart is
Extrafibrous intraserous
Intrafibrous extraserous
Intrafibrous intraserous

A

Intrafibrous and extraserous

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24
Q

Nerve supply of pericardium

A

Fibrous and parietal layer by phrenic nerve

Ans supplies visceral pericardium

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25
Q

Boundaries of sinus in heart

A

Transverse sinus
Ant aorta and pulmonary trunk
Post svc
Below left atrium

Oblique sinus
Ant left atrium
Side 4 pulmonary vein
Post parietal layer of serous pericardium

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26
Q

Right and left border of heart is formed by

A

Right border
Right atrium

Left border
Left auricle and left ventricle

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27
Q

Apex and base of heart is formed by

A

Apex - LV

Base -2/3rd LA 1/3rd RA

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28
Q

Ant surface and diaphragmatic surface of heart

A

Ant surface - 2/3 RV & 1/3 LV

Diaphragmatic surface - 2/3 LV & 1/3 RV

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29
Q

Crux of heart is formed by

A

Meeting point of
Interatrial septum
Part of Atrioventricular septum
Interventricular septum

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30
Q

Right coronary artery arises from

Left CA Arises from

A

Ant part of coronary sinus

Left posterior coronary sinus

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31
Q

Branches of right coronary artery

A 
Conus artery
Nodal artery
Rt side ant ventricle rami 
Marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery
32
Q

Posterior interventricular artery anastomoses with

And it is accompanied by

A

Anastomoses with circumflex artery

Accompanied by middle cardiac vein

33
Q

Vessel supplying AV node

A

Posterior interventricular artery (septal branch)

34
Q

Branches of left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular artery

Circumflex artery

35
Q

AIVA is accompanied by

It’s branches

A 
Accompanied by great cardiac vein 
Branch 
Ventricular rami 
Diagonal branch
Septal branch
36
Q

Why is left dominance related to bad prgnosis

A

In left dominance anterior interventricular artery and posterior interventricular artery both arise from left coronary artery, so even small infarct or angina can lead to great loss

37
Q

Kugels artery is a branch of

A

LCA - Circumflex artery- Atria branch

38
Q

Obtuse artery is aka

A

Left marginal artery branch of circumflex artery branch of Left coronary artery

39
Q

AV node is located in

A 
Triangle of koch 
Boundaries 
Base of septal leaflet
Coronary sinus
Tendon of TODARO
40
Q

How to locate sa node

A

Junction of SVC opening into Right atrium
Upper end of crista terminalis
Junction bw posterior smooth wall and anterior rough wall

41
Q

Only part of conducting system not supplied by RCA

A

Right bundle branch

42
Q

Coronary sinus drains into

Valve to guard its opening

A

Posterior wall of Right atrium

Thebesian valve

43
Q

Tributaries of coronary sinus

A 
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein 
Small cardiac vein 
Oblique vein of LA 
Posterior vein of LV
44
Q

Which vein is not a tributary of coronary sinus and drain directly into right atrium

A

Anterior cardiac vein

45
Q

Small cardiac vein is accompanied by

A

Right coronary artery

46
Q

Ridge separating Smooth and Rough part of RA

A

Crista terminalis

47
Q

Muscle fibres on rough part of right atrium

A

Musculi pectinati

48
Q

Opening of IVC is guarded by

A

Eustachian valve

49
Q

Content of rough inflow part of right ventricle

A 
Trabeculae carnae- 
Ridges
Bridges 
Moderator band
Pillars
50
Q

Use of moderator band

A

Prevent over distension of RV

AKA septomarginal trabeculae

51
Q

Moderator band is absent
Contain 2 papillary muscle
Thick walls

A

Left ventricle

52
Q

First arch artery regresses and remnant is known as

A

Maxillary artery

53
Q

Second arch artery leaves remnant known as

A

Stapedial artery

54
Q

Common carotid is developed from

A

3rd arch artery (proximal part)

55
Q

Internal carotid artery is developed from

A

Distal 3rd arch artery and cranial part of dorsal aorta

56
Q

6th arch artery forms

A

Pulmonary artery from proximal part

Ductus arteriosus from left 6th arch artery (distal part)

57
Q

Lusorian artery is another name of

A

Abnormal Right Subclavian artery

58
Q

Right 4th arch artery develops into

A

Rt Subclavian artery

It is also developed from rt dorsal aorta cranial to 7th intersegmental artery and rt 7th intersegmental artery

59
Q

Abnormal Subclavian artery is formed when

A

Right 4th arch and dorsal aorta disappear

7 cervical intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta distal to 7th Cerv intersegmental artery persist

60
Q

What is dysphagia lusoria

A

Abnormal right Subclavian artery passes behind oesophagus and compresses it causing dysphagia

61
Q

Left 4th arch artery forms

A

Arch of aorta

62
Q

Left 4th arch artery forms

A

Arch of aorta

63
Q

Double aortic arch is formed due to

A

Right dorsal aorta caudal part persists and forms vascular ring around trachea and oesophagus

64
Q

Congenital ds causing acyanotic heart ds

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

65
Q

Congenital ds causing cyanotic heart ds

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Transposition of great arteries

66
Q

Parts of interventricular septum and development

A

Muscular part - from muscle proliferation of bulb ventricle cavity

Membranous part derived from AV cushiom

Bulbar part derived from spiral septum

67
Q

SA node is pacemaker of heart because

A

It has highest firing rate

100/min

68
Q

What is chronotropy
Ionotropy
Dromotropy
Bathmotropy

A

HR
Myocardial contractility
Cardiac Conduction velocity
Cardiac excitabillity

69
Q

Why is heart rate 70-80/ min

When sa node firing is 100/min

A

Due to resting vagal tone ie parasympathetic system decreases heart rate

70
Q

Restless membrane potential is seen in

A

SA node -60 to -40 mV

AKA prepotential

71
Q

What is the cause of prepotential?

A

Most important delayed opening of K channel,
Funny channel are open
Transient qnd long lasting Ca channel are open

72
Q

Other name for funny current is
It is seen in
Blocker of funny current

A

Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide channel
Seen in rods cone olfactory epithelium
Ivabradine

73
Q

Phases of ventricle action potential

A 
0 depolarization
1 action potential
2 plateau phase
3 repolarization
4 rmp
74
Q

O2 consumption of heart is determined by

A

End diastolic volume

Filling pressure

75
Q

Use of trimetazidine and ranolazine in angina

A

Both are partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor

They block fatty acid oxidation in heart as it require more 02 consumption

Medicine (11 decks)

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