Consonants & Vowels

Question 1

/b/

Answer 1

voiced bilabial stop, obstruent, plosive

Question 2

/p/

Answer 2

voiceless bilabial stop, obstruent, plosive

Question 3

/t/

Answer 3

voiceless alveolar stop, obstruent, plosive

Question 4

/d/

Answer 4

voiced alveolar stop, obstruent, plosive

Question 5

/k/

Answer 5

voiceless velar stop, obstruent, plosive

Question 6

/g/

Answer 6

voiced velar stop, obstruent, plosive

Question 7

/ʔ/

Answer 7

voiceless glottal stop, obstruent plosive

Question 8

/f/

Answer 8

voiceless labiodental fricative, obstruent

Question 9

/v/

Answer 9

voiced labiodental fricative, obstruent

Question 10

/θ/

Answer 10

voiceless interdental fricative, obstruent

Question 11

/ð/

Answer 11

voiced interdental fricative, obstruent

Question 12

/s/

Answer 12

voiceless alveolar fricative, obstruent

Question 13

/z/

Answer 13

voiced alveolar fricative, obstruent

Question 14

/ʃ/

Answer 14

voiceless palatal fricative, obstruent

Question 15

/ʒ/

Answer 15

voiced palatal fricative, obstruent

Question 16

/h/

Answer 16

voiceless glottal fricative, obstruent

Question 17

/tʃ/

Answer 17

voiceless palatal affricative, obstruent

Question 18

/dʒ/

Answer 18

voiced palatal affricative, obstruent

Question 19

/m/

Answer 19

voiced bilabial nasal, sonorant

Question 20

/n/

Answer 20

voiced alveolar nasal, sonorant

Question 21

/ŋ/

Answer 21

voiced velar nasal, sonorant

Question 22

/l/

Answer 22

voiced alveolar lateral/liquid, sonorant

Question 23

/r/ (ɹ)

Answer 23

voiced palatal rhotic/liquid, sonorant

Question 24

/w/

Answer 24

voiced bilabial glide, sonorant

Question 25

/j/

Answer 25

voiced palatal glide, sonorant

Question 26

/(w)/

Answer 26

voiced velar glide, sonorant

Question 27

nasals, liquids, glides are always _______ and called __________.

Answer 27

voiced, sonorants

Question 28

consonants are always _____________.

Answer 28

obstruents

Question 29

Markedness of consonants and vowels

Answer 29

• Naturalness: designates
  1) the relative simplicity of sound production and
  2) its frequency of occurrence (natural sounds= easier to produce and more frequent)
• Markedness: refers to sounds that are relatively more difficult to produce and occur less frequently

Question 30

The most sonorous is

Answer 30

vowels

Question 31

Voiceless obstruents (stops, fricatives, affricates) are ______ natural/unmarked than voiced

Answer 31

more

Question 32

Obstruents are _____ natural/unmarked than sonorants (vowels, glides, liquids)

Answer 32

more

Question 33

Stops are _____ natural/unmarked than fricatives

Answer 33

more

Question 34

Fricatives are ______ natural/unmarked than affricates

Answer 34

more

Question 35

Anterior/front consonants are _____ natural/unmarked than non-anterior consonants

Answer 35

more

Question 36

Low front vowels ______ appear to be the ______ natural/unmarked vowels

Answer 36

(æ, ɑ, ɔ); most

Question 37

Close-tense vowels _____ are ______ natural/unmarked than open-lax vowels

Answer 37

(i, u); more

Question 38

Children tend to start syllables with a _____ rise and end with a _____ fall

Answer 38

large; small

Question 39

Children reduce word-_____ consonant clusters in a manner that produces a maximal
____ in sonority

@ I position: fricative + stop (st, sp) least sonorous (t, p) - stop top
: fricative + nasal (sm, sn) least sonorous (s) - snake sake

Answer 39

initial; rise

Question 40

Word-_____consonant clusters are reduced in a manner to produce a minimal ____ in sonority

@ F position: fricative + stop (st) most sonorous (s) - fast fas

Answer 40

final; fall

Question 41

the least sonorous is

Answer 41

voiceless stops (p, t, k)

Question 42

Sonority levels 0

Answer 42

vowels

Question 43

Sonority levels 1

Answer 43

glides (w, j)

Question 44

Sonority levels 2

Answer 44

liquids (l, r)

Question 45

Sonority levels 3

Answer 45

nasals (m, n, ŋ)

Question 46

Sonority levels 4

Answer 46

voiced fricatives (v, ð, z, ʒ)

Question 47

Sonority levels 5

Answer 47

voiceless fricatives (f, θ, s, ʃ)

Question 48

Sonority levels 6

Answer 48

voiced stops (b, d, g)

Question 49

Sonority levels 7

Answer 49

voiceless stops (p, t, k)

Question 50

[i]

Answer 50

close front unrounded vowel

Question 51

[u]

Answer 51

close back protruded vowel

Question 52

[a]

Answer 52

open front unrounded vowel

Question 53

[ɑ]

Answer 53

open back unrounded vowel [ɑ]