Animal Kingdom Unit Study Guide

Question 1

Animals are heterotrophic, eukaryotic, and multi-cellular!! How much of the animal kingdom are vertebrates (have a backbone)?

Answer 1

5%

Question 2

What’s the difference between herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and detritivores?

Answer 2

Herbivore - eats plants
Carnivore - eats meat/animals
Omnivore - eat both plants & meat
Detritivores - eat dead/decaying matter

Question 3

Describe the different ways animals respire (breathe):

Answer 3

Through the skin, gills, lungs

Question 4

Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction:

Answer 4

Sexual reproduction: can be internal or external fertilization, forms a zygote (sperm fertilizing an egg)
Asexual reproduction: does not involve the formation of a zygote - this would be processes like budding, fragmentation, or regeneration

Question 5

Be able to identify the different types of body symmetry.
Asymmetry:
Bilateral:
Radial:

Answer 5

Asymmetry - no symmetry, sides don’t match, no regular body plan
Bilateral - matching halves/sides
Radial - arranged around a circle, like a wheel

Question 6

Define cephalization:

Answer 6

Having a head

Question 7

Know the anatomical directional terms - anterior, posterior, ventral, dorsal, medial, lateral

Answer 7

Anterior - front
Posterior - back or behind
Ventral - bottom/belly side 
Dorsal - top/back side
Medial - along the midline 
Lateral - away from the midline/sides

Question 8

Characteristics and examples of the following phyla:
Porifera:
Cnidaria:
Platyhelminthes:

Answer 8

Porifera- no symmetry, no tissues or organ, sessile (stationary), filter feeders, includes sponges
Cnidaria- radial symmetry, soft bodies - bell shaped, includes jellyfish, sea anemones, hydras
Platyhelminthes- flatworms, includes tapeworms, planarians, no segments