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Pharma; Restart > Pharma Halo-halo 3 > Flashcards

Pharma Halo-halo 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common extracardiac toxicity of digitalis

A 
Gastrointestinal tract
(Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
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2
Q

Other effects of digitalis on other organs

A

Disorientation and hallucination
Abberations of color perception
Gynecomastia

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3
Q

Antiseizure drugs tath act on Na channels

A

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine
Lamotrigine

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4
Q

Antiseizures that act on calcium channels

A

Ethosuximide (T-type)

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5
Q

Anti-seizures that act on GABA

A

Phenobarbital
Primidone
Benzodiazepines

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6
Q

Antiseizure that acts on SV2A synaptic release machinery

A

Levetiracetam

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7
Q

Antiseizures that act on a2d synaptic release machinery

A

Gabapentin

Pregabalin

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8
Q

Adverse effects of valproic acid

A

“Val goes to GH, get FAT”

Gastrointestinal (m/c)
Hepatic toxicity (idiosyncratic)

Fine tremor at high levels
Ammonia, blood levels increased
Thrombocytopenia (no documented cases of abnormal bleeding tho)

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9
Q

How much caffeine in a cup of coffee

A

~100mg (Katzung)

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10
Q

Remark/s on theophylline

A

“…. and the toxicities and need for monitoring of blood concentration of theophylline have made it almost obsolete in asthma treatment.”keto

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11
Q

Azoles that are now used only topically

A

Miconazole and clotrimazole (Katzung)

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12
Q

Imidazoles

A

Ketokonazole
Miconazole
Clotrimazole
*imidazoles exhibit a lesser degre of selectivity to fungi, accounting for their higher incidence of drug interactions and adverse effects

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13
Q

Triazoles

A 
Intraconazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
Isavuconazole
Posaconazole
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14
Q

Azole with high oral bioavailability

A

Fluconazole

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15
Q

DOC for histoplasma

A

Itraconazole

Also for blastomyces and sporothrix

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16
Q

DOC for invasive aspergillosis

A

Voriconazole (Katzung)

Amphotericin B or voriconazole (Jawetz) 📌

17
Q

DOC for aspergilloma

A

Itraconzaole or amphotericin B and surgery (Jawetz)

18
Q

DOC for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

A

Itraconazole

Acute exacerbations of ABPA respond well to a short course of glucocorticoids

20
Q

DOC in treatmetn of ccryptococcal meningitis

A

Fluconazole
*also the one most commonly used in mucocutaneous candidiasis

**ketokonazole and itraconazole penetrates poorly into the CSF

21
Q

DOC for secondary prophyaxis of cryptococcal meningitis

A

Fluconazole

22
Q

Azole s/e: changes in color vision or brightness

A

Voriconazole (resolves within 30 mins)

Also cause photosensitivity dermatitis in chronic oral therapy

23
Q

Widest therapeutic index of the azoles

A

Fluconazole

24
Q

Broadest-spectrum of the azoles

A

Posaconazole

  • first azole with significant activity vs the agents of mucormycosis
  • salvage tx for invasive aspergillosis
  • propphylaxis of fungal infection during induction chemo for leukemia and for BM transplant patients with GVHD

Pharma; Restart (11 decks)

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