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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

in situ

A

when cancer is localized; before it spread

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2
Q

metastasis

A

when cancer cell spread; regional.

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3
Q

carcinoma

A

epithelial tissue; malignant tumor

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4
Q

sarcoma

A

connective tissue

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5
Q

disease

A

is any disorder of normal body function.

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6
Q

pathogen

A

any disease-causing agent. Disease origin

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7
Q

py

A

root: pus. Boil is accumulation of pus.

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8
Q

endemic

A

infection disease; regional community.

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9
Q

epidemic

A

outbreak

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10
Q

neoplasia

A

abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue.

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11
Q

Inflammation

A

Pain, redness, swelling, heat. Common response to infection and to other forms of disease.

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12
Q

Infection

A

is a disease. Symptoms of inflammation plus infection.

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13
Q

etiology

A

the cause of a disease.

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14
Q

infectious disease

A

caused by: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms (helminths) and prion.

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15
Q

sepsis

A

presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the body

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16
Q

common infectious organisms

A

simple microscopic organisms. cocci round bacteria; bacilli rod-shaped bacteria; vibrios short curved rods; spirochetes corkscrew shaped; chlamydia extremely small bacteria susceptible to antibiotics; rickettsia extremely small bacteria susceptible to antibiotics.

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17
Q

phagocytosis

A

a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating organisms. Gets rid of invading microorganisms, damaged cells and other types of harmful.

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18
Q

benign neoplasm

A

does not spread

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19
Q

malignant

A

commonly called cancer; invasive neoplasm

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20
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

glandular epithelium tumor

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21
Q

melanoma

A

cancer of pigmented epithelial cells.

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22
Q

Trauma

A

injury

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23
Q

Lesion

A

wound

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24
Q

necrosis

A

death of tissue

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25
Q

Prolapse

A

dropping

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26
Q

hernia

A

rupture

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27
Q

Gram stain

A

the most common laboratory bacterial stain

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28
Q

edema

A

swelling or accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Other causes: fluid blockage, heart failure, and imbalance in body fluid composition.

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29
Q

phagocytic cells

A

are found circulating in the blood, in the tissues, and in the lymphatic system.

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30
Q

adaptive immunity

A

acquired immunity

31
Q

cyst

A

a sac or pouch filled with fluid or semisolid material that is abnormal but not cancerous. Causes: infection or blockage of a duct.

32
Q

(auto)immune disorder

A

failures of the immune system, allergies, and autoimmune disease.

33
Q

metabolic disorders

A

lack of enzymes or other factors needed for cellular functions.

34
Q

hormonal disorder

A

Diabetes. caused by underproduction or overproduction of hormones or by an inability of the hormones to function properly.

35
Q

mental and emotional disorder

A

affect the mind and adaptation of an individual to his or her environment.

36
Q

acute

A

sudden, severe, and of short duration

37
Q

chronic

A

long duration and progresses slowly.

38
Q

EMT

A

Emergency medical technicians

39
Q

Roots for disease

A

alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o pain; carcin/o cancerm carcinoma; cyst/o filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder; lith calculus, ston; onc/o tumor; path/o disease; py/o pus; pyr/o, pyret/o fever, fire; scler/o hard; tox/o, toxic/o poison.

40
Q

Prefixes for disease

A

brady- slow; dys- abnormal, painful, difficult; mal- bad, poor; pachy- thick; tachy- rapid; xero- dry

41
Q

Suffixes for disease

A

-algia, -algesia pain; -cele hernia, localized dilation; -clasis, -clasia breaking; -itis inflammation; -megaly enlargement; -odynia pain; -oma tumor; -pathy any disease of; -rhage, -rhagia bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage; -rhea flow, discharge; -rhexis rupture; -schisis fissure, splitting

42
Q

words for disease used as suffixes

A

dilation, dilatation - expansion, widening; ectasia, ectasis - dilation, dilatation, distension; edema accumulation of fluid, swelling; lysis separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction; malacia softening; necrosis death of tissue; ptosis dropping, downward displacement, prolapse.; sclerosis hardening; spasm sudden contraction, cramp; stasis suppression, stoppage; stenosis narrowing, constriction; toxin poison.

43
Q

Prefixes and roots for infectious diseases

A

prefixes: staphylo- grape-like cluster; strepto- twisted chain. ROOTS: bacill/i, bacill/o - bacillus; bacteri/o bacterium; myc/o fungus, mold; vir/o virus.

44
Q

communicable

A

capable of passing from one person to another, such as an infectious disease.

45
Q

endemic

A

occurring at a low level but continously in a given region.

46
Q

epidemic

A

affecting many people in a given region at the same time, a disease that breaks out in a large proportion of a population at a given time.

47
Q

exacerbation

A

worsening of disease, increase in severity of a disease or its symptoms

48
Q

iatrogenic

A

caused by the effects of treatment

49
Q

idiopathic

A

having no known cause. ROOT: idio - self-originating.

50
Q

in situ

A

localized, noninvasive (literally “in position”). CIS carcinoma in situ

51
Q

nosocomial

A

describing an infection acquired in a hospital. ROOT: nos/o disease, comial refers to a hospital.

52
Q

pandemic

A

describing a disease that is prevalent throughout an entire region or the world.

53
Q

remissions

A

a lessening of disease symptoms, the period during which such lessening occurs

54
Q

septicemia

A

presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood, blood poisoning

55
Q

systemic

A

pertaining to the whole body

56
Q

abscess

A

a localized collection of pus

57
Q

adhesion

A

a uniting of two surfaces or parts that may normally be separated

58
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

59
Q

cellulitis

A

a spreading inflammation of tissue

60
Q

effusion

A

escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part

61
Q

exudate

A

material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of tissue injury

62
Q

fissure

A

a groove or split

63
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the surface of the body

64
Q

gangrene

A

death of tissue, usually caused by lack of blood supply.

65
Q

hypertrophy

A

an increase in the size of an organ without increase in the number of cells

66
Q

induration

A

hardening, an abnormally hard spot or place

67
Q

polyp

A

a tumor attached by a thin stalk

68
Q

purulent

A

forming or containing pus

69
Q

suppuration

A

pus formation

70
Q

CA

A

cancer

71
Q

MDR

A

multi-drug resistant

72
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

73
Q

VRSA

A

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aurerus

74
Q

lavage

A

washing out of a body cavity, such as the colon or stomach, with water or a medicated solution.

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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