Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What viruses may trigger Type 1 Diabetes?

A
  • Cocksackie B virus

- Enterovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outline what Type 1 Diabetes is?

A

Type 1 Diabetes is an auto-immune condition involving destruction of the beta-cells in the Islets of Langerhan of the Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Type 1 Diabetes?

A
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Hyperglycaemia triad (polyuria, polydypsia, weight loss)
  • Secondary enuresis
  • Recurrent infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the clinical features of Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Polyuria, polydypsia, dehydration
  • Kaussmaul breathing
  • Acetone “pear drops” breath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What blood tests results help diagnose Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A
  • Glucose >11mmol / known diabetic
  • pH < 7.3
  • Bicarbonate < 15 mmol
  • Ketones > 3
  • Urine ketones ++
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are new diagnosis bloods to be ordered in someone with Type 1 Diabetes?

A
  • Baseline bloods (FBC, Renal Profile, U&Es)
  • Blood cultures (If ?infection)
  • HbA1c
  • TFTs, TPO (thyroid peroxidase antibodies)
  • Anti-TTG (associated with Coeliacs)
  • Insulin antibiotics, anti-GAD, Islet cell antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is Diabetic Ketoacidosis managed?

A
  • Fluid management, 5-8 litres (isotonic saline initially)
  • Insulin, initially 0.1 units / kg / hr, once glucose <15 mmol then 5% dextrose
  • Correction of hypokalaemia
  • Continue long acting insulin, stop short acting insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the normal levels for glucose during the day?

A

5-7 mmol on waking

4-7 mmol other times of day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How often should blood glucose levels be checked?

A

On waking, at each meal and before bed (at least 4 times a day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly