Chapter 10 Respiration and Artificial Ventilation

Question 1

alveolar ventilation

Answer 1

the amount of air that reacher the alveoli

Question 2

artifcial ventilation

Answer 2

forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation.

Question 3

automatic transport ventilator (ATV)

Answer 3

a device that provides positive pressure ventilation. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance.

Question 4

bag-valve-mask (BVM)

Answer 4

a handheld device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificially ventilations to a patient. It can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system.

Question 5

cellular respiration

Answer 5

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood

Question 6

cyanosis

Answer 6

a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body

Question 7

diffusion

Answer 7

a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 8

flowmeter

Answer 8

a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute

Question 9

humidifier

Answer 9

a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder

Question 10

hypoxia

Answer 10

insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues

Question 11

nasal cannula

Answer 11

a device that delivers a low concentration of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient’s nostrils

Question 12

nonrebreather mask (NRB)

Answer 12

a face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient’s exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed.

Question 13

oxygen cylinder

Answer 13

a cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure

Question 14

partial rebreather mask

Answer 14

a face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with no on-way valve to the reservoir bag so some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing

Question 15

pressure regulator

Answer 15

a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient

Question 16

pulmonary respiration

Answer 16

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Question 17

respiration

Answer 17

the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood and between the blood and the cells

Question 18

respiratory arrest

Answer 18

when breathing completely stops

Question 19

respiratory distress

Answer 19

increased work of breathing, a sensation of shortness of breath

Question 20

stoma

Answer 20

a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes

Question 21

tracheostomy mask

Answer 21

a device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen

Question 22

ventilation

Answer 22

breathing in and out or artificial provision of breaths

Question 23

venturi mask

Answer 23

a face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air