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AT Exam > Management Skills (11-17) > Flashcards

Management Skills (11-17) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lengths of rehabilitation

A

short term < 4 weeks
long term > 4 weeks
chronic - reccuring
terminating - career ending

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2
Q

what are 3 reactive phases to injury

A

reaction to injury
reaction to rehab
reaction to return to comp (or career ending)

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3
Q

what is cognitive appraisal

A

interpreation of injury, determines emotional and behavioural response, influences recovery outcome

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4
Q

What is ATs role in providing social support?

A
  • good listener
  • find out what problem is
  • be aware of body language
  • project caring image
  • explain injury to athlete
  • help return to comp
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5
Q

what are some characteristics of injury-prone athletes

A

risk takers

can also be reserved, detached, apprehensive, tender-minded, easily distracted, lack ability to cope w/ stress

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6
Q

what is difference of positive and negative stress

A

eustress (positive) beneficial response

distress (negative) detriementral response

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7
Q

what are the physiologic responses to stress

A

autonomic, immunologic, neuroregulatory

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8
Q

what is acute stress

A

increase of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla
threat is immediate, response is instant

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9
Q

what is chronic stress

A

increase in cortisol from adrenal cortex

causes hormone fluctuations

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10
Q

What can staleness cause?

What is it caused by?

A

increase risk of injury

- caused by emotional problems from daily worries/fears

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11
Q

What are signs/symptoms of staleness

A 
dec performance
difficulty falling asleep
loss of appetite or weight
indigestion
difficulty concentrating
nausea
allergies
irritable, upset
incr HR and BP
muscle pains
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12
Q

What are signs of Sudden Exercise Abstinence Syndrome

A

depression
irregular heartbeat
heart palpitations
sleep disorders

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13
Q

What is burnout related to?

A

physical and emotional exhaustion - leads to negative self worth, attitudes

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14
Q

What are signs/symptoms of burnout?

A 
frequent headaches
GI disorder
sleeplessness
chronic fatigue
incr emotional exhaustion
reduced sense of accomplishment
depressed mood
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15
Q

What are psychological factors in rehab process

A
  • establish rapport
  • cooperation
  • use exercise rehab as educational process
  • competitive confidence
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16
Q

what are psychological approaches during stages of rehab?

A

Immediate - build cooperation, educate, reduce fear, denial
Acute Post-Op - athlete= disabled, educate all rehab steps
Advanced Post-Op - movt patterns, confidnece, milestones
Return to Activity- use progressions, + rewards

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17
Q

what are 2 ways to reduce tension and anxiety

A
  1. meditation

2. progressive relaxation - recognize & consciously relax muscles

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18
Q

What are techniques for Cognitive Restructuring?

A
  1. Refute Irrational thoughts - stop negative self talk

2. Thought stopping - stop undesired thoughts

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19
Q

What are techniques to cope with pain?

A
  1. tension reduction - reduce muscle tension
  2. attention diversion
  3. alter pain sensation (use imagery)
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20
Q

what are components of EAP?

A
  • ID personell (head, call, control)
  • eqt available
  • activation protocol
  • directions to venue
  • phone location
  • contact #s
  • nearby hospital
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21
Q

what are components of secondary survey

A
  • LOC
  • breathing
  • pulse
  • blood pressure
  • pupils
  • skin
  • temperature
  • movement
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22
Q

what are situations that require CPR

A
  • obstructed airway
  • no breathing
  • no circulation
  • profuse bleeding/shock
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23
Q

what are CPR rules

A

30 compressions, 2 breaths 5 cycles
5cm deep
100-120 bpm

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24
Q

when is OPA used

how to measure

A

unconscious, no gag reflex

measure from corner of mouth to angle of jaw

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25
Q

when is NPA used?

how to measure

A

responsive

measure from nostril to earlobe

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26
Q

When do you deliver rescue breathing?

how many?

A

when there is no breathing but there is a pulse

ventilate 1 breath every 5-10s

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27
Q

What are ways to control bleeding

A
  1. direct pressure
  2. elevate
  3. pressure points (brachial artery, femoral artery)
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28
Q

What are Signs and symptoms of shock?

A
  • low BP (systolic <90)
  • rapid, weak pulse
  • cool, pale, clammy skin
  • drowsy, sluggish
  • shallow breathing
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29
Q

How to manage shock

A
  1. maintain normal body temp

2. elevate feet 8-12”

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30
Q

name the 8 types of shock

A
  1. hypovolemic - blood loss
  2. respiratory - pneumothorax
  3. neurogenic - dilated vessels
  4. pyschogenic - fainting, temp dilation vessels to brain
  5. cardiogenic - heart cant pump
  6. septic - infection
  7. anaphylatic - allergic
  8. metabolic - diabetes, severe loss of fluid (vomit)
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31
Q

When is SMR (spinal motion restriction) indicated?

A
  • spinal pain / tenderness
  • sensory loss
  • motor weakness
  • spinal deformity
  • altered LOC
32
Q

How to fit for crutches

A
  • place 6” away from shoe, 2” in front
  • top of crutch is 1” below axilla
  • hand brace line up with wrist crease
33
Q

Difference between sign and symptom?

A

Sign - objective, indicator of a condition

Symptom - subjective, change in body/function

34
Q

What is sequela?

A

additional condition developed bc complication of existing (secondary complication)

35
Q

Name the normal end feels

A

Soft tissue approximation
capsular - hard, firm
Bone on bone
Muscular - springy w/ discomfort

36
Q

Name abnormal end feels

A

Empty
Spasm - mm contraction prevent motion, pain
Loose - hypermobility
Springy - rebounds at end point

37
Q

Name 12 Cranial Nerves and functions

A
  1. Optic - vision
  2. Olfactory - smell
  3. Oculumotor - eye tracking
  4. Trochlear - eye movt (lateral)
  5. Trigeminal - face sensation
  6. Abducens - lat movt eye
  7. Facial - taste, salivary, facial mm
  8. Vestibucochlear - equilibrium, hearing
  9. Glossopharyngeal - swallowing, gag
  10. Vagus - swallowing, speech
  11. Accessory - swallowing
  12. Hypoglossal - tongue movt, swallowing, speech
38
Q

what is sensitivity of a test

A

Ability to rule out condition (finding True positive)

39
Q

what is specificity of a test

A

Ability to rule in condition (finding true negative)

40
Q

Practice Myotomes

A 
C1 - neck flex/ext
C2 - Neck SB
C3 - Neck rotn
C4 - Shoulder shrug
C5 - Shoulder Abd
C6 - Elbow Flx, Wrist Ext
C7 - Elbow Ext, Wrist Flx
C8 - Thumbs up
T1 - Finger Abd
L2 - Hip flx
L3 - Knee Ext
L4 - Ankle DF
L5 - Hallux Ext
S1 - Knee Flx 
S2 - PF
41
Q

What are the reflex grades

A 
0 - absent
1 - diminished
2 - normal
3 - hyper but not pathological
4 - hyperactive (clonus)
42
Q

What are 3 ways of direct transmission of infection

A

1 - contact bw body surface
2 - droplet spread
3 - fecal-oral

43
Q

what are 3 ways of indirect transmission of infection

A

1 - inanimate object (food, water, utensils)
2 - vectors (birds, insects, animals)
3 - airborne (airplanes)

44
Q

What are the 5 steps when pathogen infects host

A 
Incubation
Prodromal - signs, symptoms
Acute - highest contagious
Decline - signs of recovery
Recovery
45
Q

When cleaning contamined surfaces, what disinfectant should you clean with

A

solution with 1 part bleach, 10 parts water

46
Q

What are physiological effects of thermotherapy?

A
  • dec mm spasm
  • dec pain
  • incr circulation
  • incr collagen elasticity
  • incr metabolic rate
  • dec jt stiffness
  • incr capillary permability
  • incr edema
47
Q

Name ways thermal energy is transmitted

A

conduction - heat transfer from warm to cool object
convection - movt of fluids or fas
radiation - heat transfer between objects through space
conversion - heat from another energy source

48
Q

How does thermotherapy relieve pain

A

Gate control theory

49
Q

What are physiological effects of cryotherapy?

A
  • dec mm guarding
  • dec pain
  • dec circulation
  • dec metabolic rate
  • dec collagen elasticity
  • dec metabolic rate
  • incr jt stiffness
  • edema ? questionable
50
Q

How is cold transfered to tissue

A

Conduction

51
Q

What is hunting response

A

slight incr in temperature during cooling - this is a reaction against tissue damage from cold exposure

52
Q

What are skin response and timing to cold?

A

1 cold 0-3 min
2 burn, achy 2-7 min
3 numb 5-12 min

53
Q

what are the adverse reactions to cold?

A

Raynauds - vasospasm of digital arteries can cause tissue death
Nerve palsy

54
Q

What is protocol for cryokinetics?

A

Immerse until numb 5-12 min
Exercise w/in pain limits 3-5 min
Repeat 3-4x

55
Q

What are 3 types of current

A

1) Monophasic - direct, from + to -
- pain modulation, muscle contraction
2) Biphasic - alternating, reverses direction
- pain, mm contraction
3) Pulsatile - 3+ pulses grouped, interrupted pulses
- Russian

56
Q

What are parameters of current?

A
  • modulation - change magnitude and duration
  • intensity - voltage output
  • duration
  • frequency - # waveforms/sec
  • polarity - direction +/-
  • electrode set up
57
Q

What are indications of electrial modalities?

A

Depolarize of sensory nerves for pain
Depolarize motor nerves for mm contraction
stimulate healing process on cellular level

58
Q

What is gate control theory?

A

Stimulate sensory nerves to close gate, decrease painful stimuli awareness

59
Q

What is Descending Pain Control?

A

Stimulate small pain fibers cause stimulation of descending neurons, close gate at spinal level
80 pps

60
Q

What is Opiate Pain control theory

A

Stimulate sensory nerves release enkephalin, release B-endorphins to decrease pain
1-5 pps

61
Q

What does muscle contraction do?

what currents are required for each

A

Muscle pump - circulation - monophasic, 20-40 pps, 20-30 min
Muscle Strength - biphasic, 50-60pps
Stop Atrophy - biphasic, 30-60 pps 15-20 min
Muscle Reducation - pulsatile, 30-50 pps 15-20 min

62
Q

What does LASER stand for

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

63
Q

what are indications of laser?

A

incr vascularity
collagen synthesis
dec pain, inflammation

64
Q

At what MHz is required for diff tissue depth?

A

1 MHz - deep, 3-5 cm

3 MHz - superficial, 1-2 cm

65
Q

What is attenuation

A

Energy decreases as it gets absorbed by tissue

66
Q

What is piezoelectric effect

A

Ultrasound head - expansion/contraction of crystals in ultrasound head produces oscillation volatage

67
Q

What is piezoelectric effect

A

expansion/contraction of crystals in ultrasound head produces oscillation volatage

68
Q

What is piezoelectric effect

A

expansion/contraction of crystals in ultrasound head produces oscillation volatage

69
Q

what is BNR

A

beam nonuniformity ratio - amount of variability of intensity in the beam, should be 1:1

70
Q

what is ERA

A

effective radiating area - portion of ultrasound transducer that produce sound wave

71
Q

What are nonthermal effects of ultrasound

A

Cavitation - gas bubbles incr circulation
Microstreaming - unidirection of flow. alter cell membrane structure

incr cell permeability and cell proliferation

72
Q

What are different intensity of ultrasound

A

Low 0.1-0.3 W/cm2
Med 0.4-1.5 W/cm2
High 1.5-3 W/cm2

73
Q

What are indications for Traction

A

nerve impingement, disc herniation, muscle guarding

74
Q

What does intermittent compression do?

A

Facilaite lymph movement
Eliminate waste product
Decrease swelling

75
Q

What are mechanical, physiological and psychological effects of massage

A

Mechanical - stretch tissue, encourage venous and lymph drainage
Physiological - incr circulation, metabolism, remove lactic acid
Psychological - relax

76
Q

Name 5 categories of massage

A
  1. Effleurage
  2. Petrissage (kneading)
  3. Friction
  4. Tapotement (precussive)
  5. Vibration

AT Exam (5 decks)

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