Posture

Question 1

What is “Line of Gravity”?

Answer 1

A point from the center of mass perpendicular to the ground (pushing down)

Question 2

What is “Ground Reaction Force”?

Answer 2

Force pushing upward against our contact with the floor

Question 3

What factors influence posture?

Answer 3

1. Body Type
2. Habit
3. Disease
4. Genetic anatomical predisposition

Question 4

What is posture?

Answer 4

The orientation of body segments to each other in a STATIC position

Question 5

What are the primary forces acting on the body?

Answer 5

Body weight

Ground reaction force

Question 6

Explain what happens at each joint in Standing Posture.

Answer 6

Gravity creates an external moment that is resisted by an internal moment

Question 7

What is the external moment in Standing Posture?

Answer 7

The line of gravity

Question 8

What is the internal moment in Standing Posture?

Answer 8

The counter active muscle force

Question 9

What is the resultant force vector on the feet in Standing Posture?

Answer 9

The center of pressure

Question 10

What does the Ideal Line of Gravity do for the vertebral column?

Answer 10

Help maintain optimal shape of each curve

Question 11

In which directions does the Line of Gravity produce torques in the vertebral column?

Answer 11

Alternating flexion and extension

Question 12

What factors alter the relationship of the Ideal Line of Gravity?

Answer 12

Fat deposition
Specific shapes of spinal curves
Posturing of head and limbs
Muscle strength and endurance
Connective tissue extensibility
Position and magnitude of loads

Question 13

What muscles are active during Quiet Stance?

Answer 13

Erector Spinae (counteracts anterior movement)
Gluteus Medius & TFL (controls lateral pelvic tilt)
Soleus (maintain upright position)
Iliopsoas (constantly active)

Question 14

What muscles are quiet during Quiet Stance?

Answer 14

Abdominals
Gluteus Maximus
Feet
Upper Trapezius (minimal activity)
Serratus Anterior (minimal activity)
Supraspinatus (minimal activity)
Posterior Deltoid (minimal activity)
Quadriceps (slight activity at times)
Hamstrings (slight activity at times)

Question 15

What are the types of Postural Alignment?

Answer 15

Ideal Alingment
Kyphosis-lordosis posture
Flat-back posture
Sway-back posture

Question 16

What are the factors that can impact spinal alignment?

Answer 16

Disease
Trauma
Advanced age or reduced activity

Question 17

What is an example of a disease that can impact spinal alignment?

Answer 17

Ankylosis spondylitis

Polio

Question 18

What is an example of trauma that can impact spinal alignment?

Answer 18

Vertebral fracture

Spinal cord injury

Question 19

What is an example of advanced age or reduced activity that can impact spinal alignment?

Answer 19

Osteoporosis

Muscle weakness

Question 20

What are the associated problems with abnormal curvature of the spine?

Answer 20

Increased stress on muscles, ligaments, bones, disc, facet joints, and exiting spinal nerve roots

Changes the volume of body cavities

Question 21

What posture does this describe: forward head with extension of the cervical spine; backward trunk displacement; increased kyphosis; flattening of lumbar spine; posterior pelvic tilt; hyperextended hips and knees

Answer 21

Swayback posture

Question 22

What is the purpose of Postural Control?

Answer 22

To control your body position in space for ORIENTATION and STABILITY

Question 23

What is Postural Control?

Answer 23

The person’s ability to maintain stability of the body and body segments in response to forces that threaten to disturb the body’s equilibrium.

Question 24

What is Postural Orientation?

Answer 24

The ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between the body and body segments and environment for a given task.

Postural orientation ~ posture

Question 25

What is Postural Stability?

Answer 25

The ability to control the center of mass in relation to the base of support. (Location and velocity of COM is important)

Postural stability = balance

Question 26

Where is the location of the center of gravity or center of mass (used interchangeably)?

Answer 26

S1/S2

Question 27

What is Limits of Stability?

Answer 27

The distance in any direction a subject can lean away from mid-line without altering the base of support

Question 28

What determines the Limits of Stability?

Answer 28

Firmness of BOS
Strength and speed of muscular responses
Range (8 degrees anteriorly; 4 degrees posteriorly)