Week 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 approaches to understanding teams?
- Social psychology
•Focus on understanding social processes in groups
•More dynamic depiction of groups/teams
•Largely founded in studies of groups outside organizations (e.g., therapy groups, lab groups)
•Examples: classic stage models (e.g., Tuckman’s team development model) and phase model (e.g. Gersick’s punctuated equilibrium model) - Organizational psychology
•Focus on understanding factors that lead to team effectiveness
•More static depiction of teams
•Focus on teams in organizational contexts
What are the stages of Tuckman’s orming model (classic stage models)?
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
What are the stages of the integrative model (classic stage models)?
- Dependency and inclusion
•Members anxious and uncertain
•Behaviour is polite, tentative and leader-focused - Counter-dependence and fight
•Leader-focus increasingly seen as frustrating and confining
•Members seek to clarify roles and independence •Coalitions form and fights emerge - Trust and structure
•Goals are clarified
•More cohesion and member satisfaction
•Fear reduces, trust increases - Work
•Groups work more effectively
•Members share goals and conform to norm of high productivity - Termination
•Members evaluate work, give feedback and express feelings
How do teams make decisions?
-Authority: The group generates ideas and holds open discussions, but the final decision is made by one person.
-Majority: The group holds a vote on a particular issue following a period of discussion. The majority wins.
Minority: The group holds a vote for the most unpopular idea and eliminates it. They repeat this process until only one idea is left.
-Ranking: Group members individually write down the 5 (or fewer) ideas they like best, then rank each idea from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best. The votes are recorded on the board and totalled. The idea with the highest total is selected.
-Consensus: The decision is discussed and negotiated until everyone affected by it understands and genuinely agrees with the decision.
-Unanimity: All group members must agree that the decision is the best one.
What are the 2 global motives?
- Epistemic motivation: willingness to expend effort to achieve a thorough, rich, and accurate understanding of the world/task at hand
- Social motivation: individual preference for outcome distribution between oneself and others:
➢Proself: concerned with own outcomes only
➢Prosocial: concerned with joint outcomes and fairness
What are the functions of social and epistemic motivation?
- individual-level generating of creative ideas
- individual-level information processing
- group-level information dissemination
- pooling and weighting of information
- group-level information integration in collective judgment and agreement
What happens when high levels of epistemic motivation are combined with a prosocial orientation when the task has low decision urgency and member input indispensability is high?
It may foster:
- accurate information dissemination
- creative ideation
- cooperative negotiation
What are the biases of social motivation?
- Advocacy
- Lying and deception
- Spinning preference-consistent information
- Self-censorship and mutual enhancement
What is Demonstrability?
-the full set of information reveals an unequivocal correct answer
What is Hidden profile strength?
-the extent to which members favour the same suboptimal choice before discussion
When does the he presence of unshared information reduce the chance of finding the correct solution?
➢group sizes are larger
➢Tasks are less demonstrable
➢Hidden profile is stronger
What is the Hidden Profile Paradigm?
-The hidden profile paradigm describes a biased pattern of information distribution in which some information, prior to group discussion, is shared by all group members and some is unique to individual members
