105b end + 110-111b pancreas, liver, gall bladder

Question 1

function of goblet cells in intestine

Answer 1

lubrication

Question 2

function of paneth cells and location in intestine

Answer 2

antibacterial

base of crypts

Question 3

what secretes CCK and what does it do?

Answer 3

enteroendocrine cells in duodenum and jejunum and a little in the ileum
increases pancreatic secretions and gallbaldder contraction in response to fatty acids and protein
sphincter relazatioj

Question 4

peyer’s patches

Answer 4

Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in
lamina propria and submucosa of ileum.
Contain specialized M cells that take up
antigen.
B cells make IgA - "Intra Gut Antibody" via transcytosis by enterocytes

Question 5

Brunner’s glands

Answer 5

Located in duodenal submucosa.
Secrete alkaline mucus.
Hypertrophy seen in peptic ulcer disease.

Question 6

Colon/large intestine histo

Answer 6

no villi
abudant goblet cells
tenia coli - consolidated muscle layers

Question 7

what is the fundamental unit of the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 7

acinus - collection of secretory, brightly stained secretory cells
secrete zymogen granules

Question 8

what exocrine substances are secreted by the pancrease?

Answer 8

trypsinogen -> tyrpsin via enterokinase in brush border

• chymotrypsinogen
• proelastase
• procaroxylase
• = activated by trypsin

Question 9

centroacinar cell - apperance and function?

Answer 9

squamous shape extending into lumen of acinus

secretes HCO3-

Question 10

what is the endocrine part of the pancreas?

Answer 10

islets of langerhans – highly vascularized area with hormones secreted into capillaries

Question 11

what are the 3 major classes of pancreatic endocrine cells? what do they secrete? where are they located?

Answer 11

A=glucagon; peripheral (round granule with white space around)
B=insulin, central (granules with crystals)
D=somatostatin, interspersed (homogeneous granule)

Question 12

liver cell arrangement

Answer 12

Apical surface of hepatocytes faces bile canaliculi.

Basolateral surface faces sinusoids.

Question 13

liver zones

Answer 13

Zone I: periportal zone:
-Affected 1st by viral hepatitis
Zone II: intermediate zone.
Zone III: pericentral vein (centrilobular)
zone:
-Affected 1st by ischemia
-Contains P-450 system
-Most sensitive to toxic injury
-Site of alcoholic hepatitis

Question 14

portal triad

Answer 14

portal vein
hepatic artery
bile ductule
**bile flows towards via bile canaliculi; blood flows away towards central vein (to heptic vein and systemic circulation)

Question 15

kupffer cell

Answer 15

resident macrophage in the liver

Question 16

type of endothelial lining in the liver and what is behind + cell?

Answer 16

sinusoid fenestrated w/ perisinusoidal space of disse behind for lymph (contain Ito/stellate cells storing vitamin A in lipid droplets)

Question 17

bilirubin

Answer 17

Product of heme metabolism. Bilirubin is removed from blood by liver, conjugated with
glucuronate, and excreted in bile.
Direct bilirubin—conjugated with glucuronic acid; water soluble.
Indirect bilirubin—unconjugated; water insoluble.

Question 18

Bile - composition

Answer 18

Composed of bile salts (bile acids conjugated to glycine or taurine, making them water soluble),
phospholipids, cholesterol, bilirubin, water, and ions (pigments). Cholesterol 7&-hydroxylase catalyzes rate-limiting step.

Question 19

bile function

Answer 19

Digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
Cholesterol excretion (body’s only means of eliminating cholesterol)
Antimicrobial activity (via membrane disruption)

Question 20

gall bladder function

Answer 20

concentrates bile from liver by pumping Na from apical PM (water follows)

Question 21

gall bladder histo

Answer 21

simple columnar epi and lamina propria
no submucosa
irregular collections of smooth muscle