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FMF Board Study > 106 > Flashcards

106 Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

106

A

First Aid and Field Sanitation Fundamentals

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2
Q

9 general first aid rules

A
  • Get Organized
  • Unless contraindicated, make preliminary exam in position and place you find the victim
  • In a multi-victim situation, use ABCs
  • Exam for fractures
  • Remove enough clothing to determine injury
  • Keep victim reassured and comfortable
  • Avoid touching open wounds and burns with fingers and unsterile objects
  • Unless contraindicated, position victim to minimize choking and aspirating vomit
  • Always carry litter feet first
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3
Q

Triage

A

French “to sort”

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4
Q

Tactical triage

A

Class I - minor
Class II - immediate
Class III - delayed
Class IV - expectant

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5
Q

Non-tactical triage

A

Priority I - life threatening
Priority II - serious but not life-threatening
Priority III - minor injuries
Priority IV - expectant

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6
Q

Primary survey

A

Rapid initial assessment

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7
Q

Secondary survey

A

Complete and detailed assessment

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8
Q

ABCDE

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Expose
Conducted during primary assessment within 10 minutes

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of shock

A
  • Eyes glassy and dull
  • Rapid or labored breathing, gasping
  • Very pale or ashen gray skin
  • Cool and clammy skin
  • Rapid, weak, thready pulse
  • Lowered BP
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10
Q

Hemorrhagic Shock Pulse

A

140 or higher

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11
Q

Neurogenic Shock Pulse

A

60 or below

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12
Q

3 ways to control bleeding

A
  • Pressure dressing (external bleeding)
  • Pressure points
  • Tourniquet
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13
Q

Head Wounds

A
  • No medications
  • Keep victim flat w/ head/body level
  • Wound back of head, lay patient on side
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14
Q

Facial Wounds

A

Make sure tongue or tissue don’t block airway

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15
Q

Sucking Chest Wound

A
  • Seal the wound
  • Tape material in place
  • During combat lay patient on affected side
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16
Q

Abdominal Wound

A
  • Supine position
  • If intestine protruding, knees up
  • Do not touch push in or manipulate intestine
  • Nothing to drink
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17
Q

Closed Fracture

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A

Entirely internal

18
Q

Open Fracture

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A

Open wound in the tissues and skin

19
Q

Forearm Fracture

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A
  • Splints from elbow to wrist
  • Hold splints with bandages
  • Across chest
  • Palm in
  • Thumb up
  • Wide sling and cravat
  • Hand raised 4 inches above elbow
20
Q

Upper Arm Fracture

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A

Do not attempt to straighten or move it in any way

21
Q

Thigh Fracture

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A

Fastened in 5 places
- Around the ankle
- Over the knee
- Just below the hip
- Around the pelvis
- Just below the armpit
Do not move the victim until injured leg is immobilized

22
Q

Lower Leg Fracture

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A

Apply 3 splints
- One on each side
- One underneath

23
Q

Clavicle Fracture

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A

Same as forearm fracture

24
Q

Rib Fracture

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A
  • Make victim comfortable and quiet to avoid internal injuries
  • Arm at 45 degree angle secured to chest
25
First Degree Burn
- Epidermal layer - Irritated - Reddened - Tingling - Recovery in 1 week
26
Second Degree Burn
- Epidermal blisters - Mottled appearance - Red base Recovery 2-3 weeks
27
Third Degree Burn
Full thickness penetrating muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone
28
Heat Cramps
- Shade - Cool water w/ tsp of salt for a liter or quart - Massage to relieve spasm
29
Heat Exhaustion
SYMPTOMS Skin - Ashen gray - Cool - Moist - Clammy Dilated pupils TREATMENT Apply cool wet cloth to: - Head - Axilla - Groin - Ankles Fan the victim
30
Heat Stroke
- 20% mortality rate - 105 F or higher - Apply cold water or towels to whole body - Move to coolest place - Remove clothing - Do not give hot drinks or stimulants - Discontinue when rectal temp reaches 102 F
31
Hypothermia
- First symptom is shivering - Death when core reaches 8 F - Most effective treatment is immersion in tub 100 F to 105 F - Buddy warming (no tub available)
32
Immersion Foot
- Hands and feet - Wet cold temps of above freezing to 50 F Signs and Symptoms - Tingling and numbness - Swelling - Bluish discoloration - Painful blisters Treatment - Get off feet - Remove all footwear - Expose to warm, dry air - Do not rupture blisters
33
Frostbite
Occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deep tissue after exposure to 32 F or lower
34
Superficial Frostbite
Surface of the skin feels hard but underlying tissue is soft - Go indoors - Rewarm in warm water immersion - Never rub affected area
35
Deep Frostbite
When freezing reaches deep tissue layers - Monitor pulse/breathing for respiratory and heart problems - Do not attempt to thaw if possibility of refreezing - Immersion in water 100 F to 105 F
36
Use of Iodine Tablets
- Fill with cleanest water available - 1 tablet for clear water - 2 tablets for cloudy water - Replace cap and wait 5 minutes - Shake - Loosen cap, tip canteen allowing leakage around threads - Tighten cap - Wait 25 minutes or 30 total
37
Use of Calcium Hypochlorite
- Fill with cleanest water available - Leave airspace of 1 inch - Fill canteen half full of water - Add calcium hypochlorite from ampule - Stir until dissolved - Fill cap half full of solution - Add to water in canteen - Shake thoroughly - Loosen cap, tip canteen allowing leakage around threads - Tighten cap - Wait at least 30 minutes
38
Boiling Water
- Need fuel - Takes too long and cools - Needs residual protection - Must be held at boiling point for at least 15 minutes for safe drinking
39
Cat Hole
- 1 ft wide - 1 ft deep - Pack down with dirt after use - Used on the march
40
Straddle Trench
- 4 ft long - 2 1/2 ft deep - 1 ft wide - Cover with dirt after each bivouac - Used for 1-3 day bivouac sites
41
Methods of Carry a Casualty
- Fireman's carry - One man support carry - One man arms carry - Saddleback carry - Pack strap carry - Pistol belt carry
42
Improvised Litter
- Poncho and poles - Jacket and poles

FMF Board Study (10 decks)

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