Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Head, feet, and palms facing forward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two skeleton divisions?

A

Axial and Appendicular Skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Axial skeleton system consist of?

A

Skull
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Thoracic Cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

Limbs and bones that attach them to axial skeleton called girdles.

Pectoral and pelvic girdle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many groupings does the skull have and how many bones for each grouping?

A

3 main groupings.
Cranium (8 bones)
Facial Bones (14 bones)
Auditory ossicles (6 bones, 3 on each side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 8 bones in the cranium?

A 
1 frontal
2 parietal
2 temporal
1 sphenoid
1 ethmoid
1 occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A 
2 nasal
2 maxillae
2 zygomatic
2 lacrimal
2 palatine
2 inferior nasal conchae
1 vomer
1 mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the 3 vertebrae by region?

A

Cervical (7), Thoracic (T12), Lumber (L5).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the typical vertebral structure?

A 
Body
Spinous Process
Transverse processes (2)
- Lateral bone projections
Laminae (2)
- Connects the two processes
Pedicles (2)
- Connects body to transverse process
Vertebral foramen
- Opening for spinal cord
Superior and Inferior Articular Processes
- With Facets = Articular Surfaces
- Articulate w/ Vertebrae above and below
Intervertebral foramina
- Exit for spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two atypical cervical vertebrae and their characteristics?

A

C1 and C2.

C1 = atlas

  • No body and spinous process
  • Allows nodding motion

C2 = axis

  • Dens = odontoid process
  • Allows shaking motion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which way is the cervical and lumbar curved? What are the abnormal curvatures?

A

Concave posteriorly.

Curves laterally = Scoliosis
Exaggerated thoracic curve = Kyphosis
Exaggerated lumbar curve = Lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the thoracic cage consist of?

A

Ribs and the sternum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What and how many parts does the sternum consist of?

A

3 parts.

Manubrium = Superior
Body = middle
Xiphoid process = Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of the ribs?

A

Articulates with thoracic vertebrae.

7 pairs = true ribs
- Attaches directly to sternum via costal cartilage

5 pairs = false ribs (T8 - 12)
- Attach indirectly to sternum via costal cartilage (8 - 10) or not at all (11 - 12 are embedded into muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

Clavicle and scapula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the clavicle articulate with?

A

The clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion process of the scapula.

17
Q

What are the characteristics of the scapula?

A

Located on the spine

Has 3 parts:
Acromion process
Glenoid fossa/cavity
- Articulates with head of humerus
Coracoid process
- Attaches muscles for arm and chest
18
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

A

Has two os coxae (hip bones) that have 3 bones:

Ilium = Articulates with sacrum
Ischium = Most inferior part
Pubis = Left and right joined by pubic symphysis
19
Q

What are the 3 joints in pelvic girdle?

A 
Pubic symphysis
Sacroiliac joint
- Sacrum and ilium
Acetabulum
- Articulates with head of femur
- All 3 bones of ox coxae join here
20
Q

What do long bones consist of?

A 
Diaphysis = shaft
Epiphyses = proximal and distal extremities
Epiphyseal plate = Used for bone growth (length)
Epiphyseal line  = Replaces plate with bone when fully complete
- Diaphysis and epiphysis meet here
Medullary cavity
- Red marrow in child, yellow in adult
Periosteum
- External surface
Endosteum
- Lines medullary cavity and canals
Articular cartilage
- Prevents friction between bones
21
Q

What are the two bone types?

A

Spongy bone and Compact bone.

22
Q

What are the characteristics of spongy bone?

A

No osteon
Have trabeculae (irregularly aranged lamellae)
Canalicular connect osteocytes in lacnunae

Found in flat and irregular bones
Long bones
Spaces containing bone marrow

23
Q

What are the characteristics of compact bone?

A

Surface of all bones

Composed of osteons

24
Q

What do osteon compose of?

A

Lamellae
- Arranged in concentric circles

Lacunae (w/ osteocytes)
- Between lamellae

Canaliculi
- Channels that connect osteocytes to blood supply and to other osteocytes

Central (Osteonic) Canal
- Blood vessels and nerves

Perforating (Interosteonic) Canals

  • Perpendicular to central canal
  • Carry blood supply from periosteum to central canals and medullary cavity
25
Q

What is the structure of hyaline cartilage?

A 
Chondrocytes in the lacunae
Matrix:
- Chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid
- Collagen fibers
- Water
26
Q

What are articulations and their 2 classes?

A

Articulations are points of contact between 2 or more bones

Their two classes are structural and functional

27
Q

What are the types of structural joints and their differences?

A

Fibrous joints

  • No joint cavity
  • Fibrous CT connects bones
  • Ex. Skull sutures

Cartilaginous joints

  • No joint cavity
  • Cartilage attaches bones
  • Ex. Pubic symphysis

Synovial joints

  • Has joint cavity
  • Articular cartilage
  • Articular/joint capsule
  • Ex. Shoulder, elbow, knee
28
Q

What are functional joints and their types?

A

Functional joints are based on degree of movement

Synarthrotic

  • Immovable
  • Ex. Skull sutures

Amphiarthrotic

  • Slightly movable
  • Ex. Pubic symphysis

Diarthrotic

  • Freely movable synovial joints
  • Ex. Hip, shoulder
29
Q

What are the characteristics of periosteum?

A

External surface

Contains 2 layers of CT:
Outer = dense irregular
Inner = mainly osteoblasts and clasts
- Allows bone to grow in diameter

30
Q

How are the synovial joints group according to and what are the types of synovial joints?

A 
Plane/gliding
- Flat surfaces
Hinge
- Convex/concave surfaces
- Elbow
Pivot
- Projection in ring
- Dens
Ball and socket
- Great freedom of movement
- Femur in hip

Anatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions