Immunity/Inflammation

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

1st line/what you’re born with - natural barriers (physical, chemical, mechanical), cellular defenses. Non-selective/non-specific

Question 2

WBCs

Answer 2

5-10,000. Stimulate inflammatory response and protect against infection. Elevated: inflammation/infx. Decreased: aplastic anemia, autoimmune, overwhelming infx, side effect of chemo

Question 3

Neutrophil

Answer 3

40-70% of WBCs. Segmented = mature. Banded = new.1st to respond to bacteria, virus. Phagocytosis.

Question 4

Bandemia

Answer 4

WBC differential tells how many young/mature. Shift to the left = infx

Question 5

Macrophages

Answer 5

Help stimulate immediate response of inflammation and longer acquired immunity (arrive 24 hrs after neutrophils). Phagocytosis, signal protein to activate immune cells, clear out dead cells.

Question 6

Eosinophils

Answer 6

Allergic response, asthma. Parasitic larvae infxs.

Question 7

Basophils

Answer 7

Produce histamine and serotonin (inflammation) and heparin (prevent bld clotting at site). Allergies, anaphylaxis, asthma

Question 8

Mast cells

Answer 8

Similar to Basophils. Release chemical mediators to maintain inflammation (heparin, histamine, cytokines)

Question 9

Anaphylaxis

Answer 9

Massive degranulation of mast cells and basophils leads to venous congestion and leaky vessels. Airway swelling, low BP, spasms of bronchial smooth muscle, airway constriction.

Question 10

Natural killer cells

Answer 10

Destroy host cells with invading microbes. Innate.

Question 11

Dendritic cells

Answer 11

Identify threats and act as messenger for immune system. Bridge between innate and adaptive. Capture foreign agents and transport to lymph nodes.

Question 12

Benefits of inflammation

Answer 12

• prevent infx and further damage by invading microorgansims
• limit and control inflammatory processes
• interacts with adaptive immunity system to elicit more specific response
• repairs the area of injury for healing

Question 13

Pyrexia

Answer 13

fever - 101F (38.3C)

Question 14

Labs for inflammation

Answer 14

• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - RBCs clump together more quickly w/ inflammation
• C-reactive protein - increased w/ infx/inflammation

Question 15

Collecting cultures

Answer 15

Obtain culture before beginning antimicrobial therapies. Sources: respiratory, blood, urine, cerebospinal or peritoneal fluid.

Question 16

Tx of anaphylaxis (massive degranulation of mast and basophils)

Answer 16

• epi - reduce body’s allergic response
• oxygen
• IV antihistamines and cortisone - reduce inflamation
• Beta agonist (like albuterol) for breathing