Principles of Motivation and Adherence

Question 1

the psychological drive that gives purpose and direction to behavior

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

the extent to which people stick to their plans or treatment recommendations

Answer 2

adherence

Question 3

percentage of people that drop out of an exercise program within the first six months

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

type of motivation that comes from enjoyment or personal satisfaction

Answer 4

intrinsic motivation

Question 5

type of motivation that comes from material or social rewards

Answer 5

extrinsic motivation

Question 6

What is the most important tool for trainers in dealing with a relapse?

Answer 6

planning ahead and being prepared

Question 7

6 examples of social support strategies

Answer 7

1) find an exercise partner
2) ask friends and family to be encouraging
3) ask for reminders about physical-activity goals or appointments
4) set up fun “contests” with a friend
5) add a social element
6) find an enjoyable activity that is based on being physically active with a group

Question 8

the 3 primary categories of potential determinants for physical activity

Answer 8

1) environmental factors
2) personal attributes
3) physical-activity factors

Question 9

the 5 personal attributes that can determine physical activity

Answer 9

1) demographic variables
2) health status
3) activity history
4) psychological traits
5) knowledge, attitude, and beliefs

Question 10

lower activity levels are seen in these demographic groups

Answer 10

1) increasing age
2) fewer years of education
3) low income

Question 11

T/F: Age has been shown to be unrelated to adherence levels when examined in supervised exercise settings.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: Women demonstrate higher and more consistent adherence rates than men.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

the most important and influential personal attribute variable

Answer 13

activity history

Question 14

a consistent predictor of unsupervised exercise activity among healthy adults

Answer 14

locus of control; belief in personal control over health outcomes

Question 15

the 3 environmental factors that can determine physical activity

Answer 15

1) access to facilities
2) time
3) social support

Question 16

the most common excuse for not exercising and for dropping out of an exercise program

Answer 16

perceived lack of time

Question 17

the 2 physical-activity factors that can determine physical activity

Answer 17

1) intensity

2) injury

Question 18

4 issues to keep in mind during the goal-setting process

Answer 18

1) avoid setting too many goals
2) avoid setting negative goals
3) set short- and long-term goals, as well as process and performance goals
4) revisit goals on a regular basis