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1019 Neuro > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Cerebellum compares motor actions and sensory feedback (feedback loop)

Detects errors and corrects them

Predict outcomes (feedforward loop)

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2
Q

What is the blood supply like in the cerebellum?

A

Superior cerebellar artery- superior half

Inferior anterior/posterior cerebellar arteries- inferior half

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3
Q

What separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium Cerebelli (Fibrous membrane)

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4
Q

What separates the right and left hemispheres?

A

Vermis

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5
Q

What are the 3 lobes in the cerebellum?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Floculonodular

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6
Q

What does the primary fissure separate?

A

Anterior and posterior lobe

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7
Q

What does the posterolateral fissure separate?

A

Posterior and floculonodular lobe

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8
Q

What are the deep cerebeller nuclei?

A

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial

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9
Q

What are the 3 functional areas of the cerebellum?

A

Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum, Vestibulocerebellum

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10
Q

Where is the spinocerebellum found?

A

Anterior lobe, vermis

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11
Q

What nuclei does the spinocerebellum contain?

A

Emboliform and Globose, Fastigial

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12
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

A

Balance and coordination of trunk and limbs

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13
Q

What ASCENDING tracts does the spinocrebellum receive information from?

*Think of the function of the spinocerebellum. (Balance and coordination of the trunk and limb)

Which ascending tracts convey unconscious proprioception for the limbs?

A

Posterior spinocerebellar

Cuneocerebellar tract

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14
Q

What DESCENDING tracts receives feedback from the Spinocerebellum?

A

Reticulospinal (fastigial)

Vestibulospinal (fastigial)

Rubrospinal (Globose and Emboliform)

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15
Q

Where can the pontocerebellum be found?

A

Lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum

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16
Q

What nucleus can be found in the pontocerebellum

A

Dentate nucleus

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17
Q

What is the function of the pontocerebellum?

A

Concerned with fast movements and timing (e.g typing)

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18
Q

Where does the Pontocerebellum receive information from?

A

Contralateral motor cortex via dentate nucleus and pontine

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19
Q

Where does the pontocerebellum send feedback to?

What tract?

A

Contralateral motor cortex via the thalamus

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20
Q

Where can the vestibulocerebellum be found?

A

Floculonodular lobe

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21
Q

What nucleus does the vestibulocerebellum contain?

A

Fastigial

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22
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum

A

Maintains balance and eye movement

23
Q

Where does the vestibulocerebellum receive information from?

A

vestibular nuclei and nerve

24
Q

Where does the vestibulocerebellum send feedback to?

A

Medial and Lateral vestibular nuclei and Fastigial Nuclei

25
Q

What Extrapyramidal tracts are part of the Vestibulocerebellum?

*think of fastigial nuclei as it is present in the Vestibulocerebellum. What does the Fastigial nuclei stimulate?

A 
Vestibulospinal tracts (Medial and Lateral)
Reticulospinal
26
Q

What are the efferent fibers in the SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES?

A

Denothalamic

Dento-rubro-thalamic

Cerebellovestibular

27
Q

Outline the Dentothalamic tract

A
  1. Dentate nucleus
  2. Contralateral Thalamus
  3. Cortex
28
Q

Outline the Dento-rubro-thalamic tract

A
  1. Dentate Nucleus
  2. Red Nucleus
  3. Thalamus
  4. Cortex
  5. From cortex to flexor muscles via the RUBROSPINAL tract
29
Q

What extrapyramidal pathway works with the Dento-rubro-thalamic tract?

A

Rubrospinal tract

30
Q

Outline the Cerebellovestibular tract

A
  1. Purkinje Fibers to vestibular nuclear complex
  2. Vestibulospinal tract
  3. stimulate extensor muscles
  4. Contralateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (Medial Vestibulospinal tract)
  5. CN 3,4,6 for eye movement
31
Q

What are the afferent fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncles?

A

Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract

Rostral Cerebellar Tract

Tectocerebellar Tract

32
Q

What information does the Anterior spinocerebellar tract carry?

A

Proprioceptive information of joints, tendons, ligaments from below L2/L3 to the cerebellum (Clarke’s Nucleus terminate at L3)

33
Q

What is the function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

Movement coordination and balance

34
Q

What information does the rostral cerebellar tract carry?

A

Proprioceptive information of joints, tendons, ligaments from cervical spine and upper limbs to the cerebellum (Above C8- Clarke’s nucleus terminates at C8)

35
Q

What is the function of the rostral cerebellar tract?

A

Movement coordination and balance

36
Q

What information does the tectocerebellar tract carry?

A

Visual and auditory information from the tectum (superior and inferior colliculi)

37
Q

What is the function of the tectocerebellar tract?

A

Quick responses to visual and auditory stimuli

38
Q

What are the afferent fibers found in the middle cerebellar peduncles?

A

Pontocerebellar Tract

39
Q

What is the function of the pontocerebellum tract?

A

Transmit original motor plan from contralateral cortex through the pontine nuclei to allow motor learning and movement planning

40
Q

What are the afferent fibers found in the inferior cerebellar peduncles?

A

Posterior Spinocerebellar

Cuneocerebellar

Vestibulocerebellar

Reticulocerebellar

41
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Spinocerebellar tract?

A

Carries proprioceptive information of spindle fibers from C8-L3 (Clarke’s Nucleus) to the cerebellum.

Aids in movement coordination and balance

42
Q

Outline the Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract

A
  1. 1st order synapse in Clarke’s nucleus
  2. 2nd order ascends as Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract
  3. Enters cerebellum through inferior cerebellar peduncle
  4. Project to ipsilateral anterior lobe and vermis of cerebellum
43
Q

What is the function of the cuneocerebellar tract?

A

Carries proprioceptive information of spindle fibers from cervical spine and upper limbs to the cerebellum.

Aids in movement coordination and balance

44
Q

Outline the cuneocerebellar Tract

A
  1. 1st order ascends in Fasciculus Cuneatus, synapse in accessory cuneate nucleus
  2. 2nd order ascends in cuneocerebellar tract
  3. Enters cerebellum through inferior cerebellar peduncle
  4. Project to ipsilateral anterior lobe and vermis of cerebellum
45
Q

What information does the vestibulocerebellar tract carry?

A

Acceleration from inner ear that passes through vestibular nucleur complex

46
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellar tract?

A

Balance and Equilibrium

47
Q

What is the function of the reticulocerebellar tract?

A

Carries all sensory information from the reticular formation to the cerebellum

48
Q

What are the efferent fibers found in the Inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Cerebelloreticular tract

Cerebelloolivary tract

Cerebellovestibular tract

49
Q

What information does the cerebelloreticular tract carry?

A

Motor information from cerebellum to reticular formation

Medullary Tract- flexion of muscles
Pontine Tract- Extension of muscles

50
Q

What informtion does the vestibulocerebellar tract carry?

A

Purkinje fibers to vestibular nucleur complex

Sends motor fibers to extensor muscles through vestibulospinal tract (EPS)

Activates contralateral MLF for eye coordination (Medial Vestibulospinal tract)

51
Q

What is the feedback mechanism?

A

Cerebellum compares motor actions with sensory feedback (via spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar pathways) to detect errors.

Error is corrected by readjusting the motor plan

It is only suitable during slow movements

Uses information during/after the movement to generate error signal when coordinating movement

52
Q

What is the feed-forward system?

A

Cerebellum predicts outcome of motor actions based on sensory information and past experiences from the PMC- involves motor cortex and posterior parietal association area

Motor actions are adjusted before an error occurs and anticipates a suitable motor action to produce smooth and precise movements

Useful during rapid movements (reaching for a cup) where output is faster than sensory feedback

53
Q

What are the targets of the fastigial nuclei?

A

Vestibular nuclei and Reticular formation

54
Q

What are the targets of the Globose and Emboliform nucleus

A

Red nucleus (Rubrospinal Tract)

1019 Neuro (9 decks)

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