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Introduction to Chemistry > Chapter 5: Stochiometry > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Stochiometry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average atomic mass

A

calculated from the isotopes of an element weighted by their relative abundances

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2
Q

What is the formula for atomic mass

A

(fraction of isotope n) (mass of isotope) + (fraction of isotope 2) (mass of isotope 2)`

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3
Q

what is the natural abundance

A

% of an element that is an isotope

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4
Q

what is mass spectrometry

A

technique used to measure the mass of atoms and the % abundance of isotopes

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5
Q

What is a mole?

A

counting unit

bridge from big to small

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6
Q

What is Avogadro’s number

A

6.022X10^23

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7
Q

What is avogadro’s number equal to

A

1 mole

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8
Q

What is molar mass

A

mass of 1 mole of a substance (g/mol)

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9
Q

How do you find molar mass

A

look at the periodic table

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10
Q

What is the molecular mass

A

in combination with Avogadro’s number it is used to determine the number of atoms to number of molecules

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11
Q

What is the empirical formula

A

the lowest whole number ratio of atoms

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12
Q

What can you use to calculate percent composition

A

the empirical formula

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13
Q

what does the % mean in % composition formula

A

the percentage by mass contributed by each element in the substance

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14
Q

how do you calculate empirical formulas

A
  1. ) mass % to grams. Assume 100 grams
  2. ) Grams to Moles (molar mass)
  3. ) Moles to empirical formula
  4. ) calculate the mole ratio by dividing the smallest number of moles
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15
Q

what is the formula obtained from % composition

A

the empirical formula always

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16
Q

what is the molecular formula

A

the exact number of atoms

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17
Q

what do the subscripts in a molecular formula represent

A

the whole number multiple of the corresponding subscripts in its empirical formula

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18
Q

what is the law of conservation of mass

A

whatever you start with is what you end with

19
Q

what is a chemical reaction

A

process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

20
Q

what are the products of the combustion reaction

A

CO2 and H20

21
Q

What do the letters in () represent

A

the states

22
Q

what is the symbol for gas

A

(g)

23
Q

What is the symbol for liquid

A

(l)

24
Q

what is the symbol for solid

A

(s)

25
Q

What is the symbol for aqueous

A

(aq)

26
Q

what do the subscripts tell you

A

the number of atoms that are present

27
Q

what are coefficients

A

tell the number of molecules present

-used to balance the equation

28
Q

What is stoichiometry

A

the quantitative study of the amounts of reactants

29
Q

why do we use stoichiometry

A

avoid using large excess amounts of costly chemicals

30
Q

what is the law of conservation of mass

A

mass cannot be created or destroyed

mass is conserved

31
Q

what are the types of stoichiometry problems

A

mole-mole

mass-mass

32
Q

what is the limting reactant

A

the reactant present in the smallest stoichiometric amount

- the reactant you’ll run out of first

33
Q

What is the theoretical yield

A

amount of product calculated from a limiting reactant problem

34
Q

what is the actual yield

A

the amount of product collected from the experiment

35
Q

what is the % yield

A

the amount of the actual yield compared to the theoretical yield

36
Q

what is the formula for percent composition

A

(number of atoms) (atomic weight) / Molar mass of the compound X100

37
Q

what is a way you can remember the strong acids

A

So I Brought No CLean CLOthes

38
Q

what is the first step of a limiting reactant problem

A

Calculate the moles of the product that can be

produced from the first reactant

39
Q

what is the second step of a limiting reactant problem

A

Calculate the moles of the product that can be

produced from the second reactant.

40
Q

how do you identify the limiting reactant in a problem

A

produces the least amount of product

41
Q

what is the second step of a limiting reactant problem

A

Calculate the moles of product that can be

produced from the second reactant.

42
Q

who created the law of conservation of mass theory

A

Antoine Lavoisier

43
Q

Why do you care about yield?

A

This is the backbone

of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

44
Q

who created the law of conservation of mass theory

A

Antoine lavoiser

Introduction to Chemistry (12 decks)

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