Heart Murmurs

Question 1

Aortic Stenosis

Answer 1

Type: Systolic Murmur
Description: Crescendo-Decrescendo Systolic Ejection murmur
Causes: Age-related calcification

Question 2

Mitral Regurgitation

Answer 2

Type: Systolic Murmur
Description: Holosystolic high-pitched blowing murmur, loudest at the Apex, radiates toward the Axilla
Causes: Ischemic heart disease (post MI), Rheumatic Fever

Question 3

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Answer 3

Type: Systolic Murmur
Description: Late Systolic Crescendo murmur with Mid-Systolic Click due to sudden tension of the Chordae Tendinaea, best heard over the Apex, loudest just before S2
Causes: Myxomatous degeneration - Marfan Syndrome & Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Rheumatic Fever
Note: Most frequent valvular lesion

Question 4

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Answer 4

Type: Systolic Murmur
Description: Holosystolic high-pitched blowing murmur, loudest at Tricuspid area
Causes: Right Ventricle dilation, Rheumatic Fever

Question 5

Ventricular Septal Defect

Answer 5

Type: Systolic Murmur
Description: Holosystolic harsh-sounding mumur, loudest at Tricuspid area

Question 6

Aortic Regurgitation

Answer 6

Type: Diastolic Murmur
Description: High-pitched blowing early diastolic decrescendo murmur, long diastolic, head bobbing in severe cases
Causes: Aortic Root Dilation, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Endocarditis, Rheumatic Fever

Question 7

Mitral Stenosis

Answer 7

Type: Diastolic Murmur
Description: Delayed rumbling mid-to-late Diastolic murmur
Causes: Rheumatic Fever

Question 8

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 8

Type: Continuous Murmur
Description: Continuous machine-like murmur, best heard at Left Interventricular area, loudest at S2
Causes: Congenital Rubella, Prematurity