Module 7

Question 1

What kind of B cells are necessary for vaccines to generate?

Answer 1

high affinity, isotype switched memory B cells

Question 2

Examples of passive immunity

Answer 2

injection of preformed antibodies (like antivenom) and IVIG and transferred from mother to baby

Question 3

examples of active immunity

Answer 3

immunity after infection or vaccination

Question 4

Which immunization route generates both IgG and IgA antibodies?

Answer 4

mucosal route

Question 5

Which kind of immunity is from a protective effector immune response and lymphocyte memory?

Answer 5

Active immunity

Question 6

what type of T cell kills virally infected cells?

Answer 6

Cytotoxic T cells/ CD8 T cells

Question 7

these molecules bind a pathogen or toxin and prevent its interaction with a target cell

Answer 7

Neutralizing antibodies

Question 8

When are neutralizing antibodies expecially important?

Answer 8

When the target cell is part of the CNS and could result in neuronal damage\

Question 9

Which form of vaccine elicits a humoral AND cell mediated response and stimulates CD8+ and CD4+ T cells

Answer 9

live/attenuated vaccines

Question 10

Which form of vaccine is best for immunocompromised individuals?

Answer 10

nonviable vaccines

Question 11

Which form of vaccine stimulates humoral immunity (B cells and antibodies) and CD4+ T cells

Answer 11

nonviable vaccines

Question 12

Which type of vaccine is made of capsular polysaccharides of certain bacteria?

Answer 12

Polysaccharide vaccines

Question 13

Which type of vaccine is made of polysaccharide antigens conjugated to a protein?

Answer 13

Conjugate vaccine

Question 14

Type of vaccine that creates T-dependent B cell activation

Answer 14

Conjugate vaccine

Question 15

Most potent type of vaccine

Answer 15

live attenuated vaccines

Question 16

Vaccine type that is genetically recombined

Answer 16

subunit/component vaccines

Question 17

What kind of vaccine is the Hepatitis B vaccine?

Answer 17

a subunit vaccine

Question 18

substances that increase the immunogenicity of antigens

Answer 18

adjuvants

Question 19

How do adjuvants increase immunogenicity?

Answer 19

prolonging antigen persistence at the injection site, induce inflammation at the injection site, enhance costimulatory signals to promote lymphocyte activation

Question 20

Commonly used adjuvant in the US

Answer 20

alum

Question 21

Example of adjuvant-containing vaccine

Answer 21

Dtap (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis)

Question 22

transplant between sites on the same person

Answer 22

autograft

Question 23

transplant between genetically identical individuals

Answer 23

isograft/syngenic graft

Question 24

transplant between unrelated individuals of the same species

Answer 24

allograft

Question 25

transplant between different species

Answer 25

xenograft

Question 26

Major alloantigen for most tissues

Answer 26

MHC I

Question 27

How long does an allograft rejection take to occur?

Answer 27

10-13 days due to cell-mediated responses

Question 28

4 paths to transplant rejection

Answer 28

hyperacute, acute (direct and indirect allorecognition) and chronic

Question 29

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is similar to a hyperacute transplant rejection?

Answer 29

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Question 30

Which type of transplant rejection is associated with pre-formed antibodies

Answer 30

hyperacute

Question 31

Which type of transplant rejection is associated with donor APCs activating recipient T cells

Answer 31

Direct allorecognition

Question 32

Which type of transplant rejection is associated with Recipient APCs activating their own T cells

Answer 32

indirect allorecognition

Question 33

Which type of transplant rejection is immune-complex mediated

Answer 33

chronic

Question 34

How to remember Direct allorecognition

Answer 34

3 D’s: Donor APCs (passenger Dendritic cells) stimulate alloreactive recipient T cells. Depletion of graft APCs prior to transplant will slow rejection

Question 35

What type of sensitivity and reaction is acute rejection?

Answer 35

Type IV hypersensitivity and Type II cytotoxic reaction

Question 36

type of rejection where anti-endothelial cell antibodies bind all tissues and cause rapid rejection

Answer 36

hyperacute

Question 37

Rejection caused by effector T cells responding to HLA differences between donor and recipient

Answer 37

Acute rejection

Question 38

What can prevent acute transplant rejection?

Answer 38

immune suppressive therapy

Question 39

Rejection caused primarily by type III hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgG bodies against HLA class I molecules of a graft

Answer 39

chronic transplant rejection

Question 40

Fibrosis, thickened endothelium, and vessel occlusion are long term effects of what?

Answer 40

chronic transplant rejection

Question 41

What type of cells are predominantly found in bone marrow transplants?

Answer 41

T cells

Question 42

Disorder resulting from an HLA mismatch

Answer 42

Graft vs Host disease (GVHD)

Question 43

What antigens are mismatched in GVHD

Answer 43

can be HLA, major, or minor histocompatibility complexes

Question 44

highly polymorphic proteins that bind peptide antigens and present them to T cells

Answer 44

major histocompatibility complexx (MHC class I aka HLA I and MHC class II aka HLA II)

Question 45

Which disease can occur after a bone marrow transplant

Answer 45

GVHD