Introduction to Pathology Flashcards
What are the different types of Epithelial cells? (3)
- Squamous - Thin and Flat
- Columnar - Oblong shaped
- Cuboidal - All sides equal
- Urothelium and Urothelial umbrella cells in Urinary tract?
What are the types of Squamous Epithelial cells with example? (2)
- Stratified Squamous cells - Cells lined on top of each other e.g Oesophagus
- Keratinised Stratified Squamous cell - Have keratin which makes it impervious to damage and waterproof. e.g Skin
Other squamous epithelium lined tissues: Mouth and tongue, Anal Canal, Vagina, Cervix
What organs do Columnar Epithelium line? (2)
Mucosal Organs :
- Respiratory Tract (Trachea and Bronchi
- Gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small and large intestines (with crypts))
What is the structure of Columnar cells? (1)
What are the differences in columnar cells in different organs? (3)
Columnar cells are oblong shaped, tall and have elongated nuclei, with goblet cells which secrete mucus.
- Large Intestine has crypts
- Small Intestine has Villi
- In Respiratory Tract, they are PSEUDOSTRATIFIED and ciliated. Pseudostratfied means not all nuclei reach surface.
What organs are lined by Cuboidal Cells? (4)
Organs which secrete specialised fluids.
- Salivary Glands
- Sweat Glands
- Endocrine Glands which secrete hormones
- Mammary glands that secrete milk
Where is the myometrium, what type of muscle is it and what are the shape of the nuclei? (3)
The myometrium is Smooth muscle in the Uterus. The nuclei are cigar shaped.
Allows Uterus to withstand pressure.
What is Lipofuschin? (1)
It is brown pigment produced from wear and tear to muscle in heart
What are Examples of Connective tissue? (2)
- Bone, cartilage and fibrous tissue (e.g tendons)
2. Fat - for protection, Insulation and energy source
What is mesentary? (1)
A a ring of fat tissue which attaches intestine to abdominal wall and holds it in place.
What stem cell produces collagen? (1)
Fibroblasts
Who was Rudolf Virchow? What was he significant for. (3)
- Father of cellular pathology.
- He defined the cell as the smallest viable unit of life and abnormal cells being the cause of disease.
- Used visual inspection to examine morphological pathology.
What is the difference between General and systematic pathology. (2)
General pathology: Mechanisms and features of major disease processes e.g inflammation, infection
Systematic pathology: Understanding how specific disease pathology affects organs/organ system. e.g breast cancer, pneumonia
Describe Wax of Block making for Microscopy? (2)
- The cut sample is placed in 10% formaldehyde in H2O to harden tissue.
- Alcohol is used to remove H2O, Xylene is used to remove alcohol, Parrafin is used to remove Alchohol.
Final result is Parrafin block.
What is immunochemistry? (1)
Process of identifying protein in cell/tissues.
What are the main features of epithelium structure (3)
These all have basal layer made from collagen, tight junctions called called desosomes for strength and gaps between them for exhange. The Cytokeratin in cytoplasm provide scaffolding for internal structure.
