HEAD AND NECK

Question 1

Origin of Pharyngeal Groove

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

Origin of Pharyngeal Arches

Answer 2

Mesoderm

Question 3

Origin of Pharyngeal Pouch

Answer 3

Mesoderm

Question 4

Branchial Apparatus I

Answer 4

CLEFT - external auditory meatus
ARCH
	Meckel cartilage
	incus, malleus, sphenomandibular lig, lingula of mandible
	maxillary artery
	trigeminal nerve
	muscles of mastication, ANT belly of digastric muscle, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor 
		palatini
POUCH
	pharyngotympanic tube

Question 5

Branchial Apparatus II

Answer 5

CLEFT - overgrows all other arches that eventually obliterates
ARCH
Reichert cartilage
stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu and part of the hyoid bone
stapedial artery
facial nerve
muscles of facial expression, stapedius muscle, stylohyoid muscle and POST belly of digastric
POUCH
tonsils

Question 6

Branchial Apparatus III

Answer 6

CLEFT - loses contact externally and eventually closes
ARCH
	greater cornu and part of hyoid bone
	internal carotid artery
	glossopharyngeal nerve
	stylopharyngeus muscle
POUCH
	thymus and inferior parathyroid gland

Question 7

Branchial Apparatus IV

Answer 7

CLEFT - loses externally and eventually closes
ARCH
	laryngeal cartilages
	aortic arch and subclavian artery
	vagus nerve (SUP laryngeal branch)
	cricothyroid, levator palatini and constrictors of pharynx
POUCH
	superior parathyroid gland

Question 8

Branchial Apparatus V

Answer 8

CLEFT - none existing
ARCH - rudimentary
POUCH - ultimobranchial body

Question 9

Branchial Apparatus VI

Answer 9

CLEFT - none existing
ARCH
	cricoid cartilage, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform
	R and L pulmonary artery
	vagus nerve (RECURRENT laryngeal branch)
	intirinsic muscles of the larynx
POUCH
	none existing

Question 10

MC facial fracture

Answer 10

Nasal fracture

Question 11

Manifestations of Nasal Fracture

Answer 11

epistaxis, nasal airway obstruction, alterations in smell, cosmeticdeformity

Question 12

2nd MC facial fracture

Answer 12

Mandibular fracture

Question 13

PALATE separated from the MAXILLA

horizontal fracture through maxilla superior to maxillary dentition

Answer 13

Le Fort I

low septal fracture

floating palate

Question 14

MAXILLA separated from the FACE

pyramidal fracture through maxilla and orbit, outlining the nose

Answer 14

Le Fort II

high septal fracture
violates the orbital rim with risk of INFRAORBITAL NERVE INJURY

floating maxilla

Question 15

COMPLETE CRANIOFACIAL DYSFUNCTION

fracture of the facial bones from skull

Answer 15

Le Fort III

entire face moves separately from the cranium
highest rate of CSF leak

floating face

Question 16

Major Complications of Le Fort Fractures

Answer 16

Facial anesthesia
Malocclusion
Trismus
Globe malposition
Vision changes
Ectropion
Midfacial distortion
Nasal obstruction

Question 17

Rule of 80 for Neck Masses

Answer 17

80% of non thyroid masses - neoplastic
80% of neoplastic masses - males
80% of neoplastic masses - malignant
80% of malignant masses - metastatic
80% of metastatic masses- from primary sites above the clavicle