endocrine

Question 1

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 1

releases hormones as chemical messages helping to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

what are hormones?

Answer 2

potent chemicals that activate seperate receptors

Question 3

What are some of the functions of hormones?

Answer 3

• regulate gene expression
• open/close ion channels
• stimulate secretion and cell division
• activate and deactivate enzymes

Question 4

hydrophilic hormones

Answer 4

• water soluble

- may have carriers in the blood stream

Question 5

hydrophobic hormones:

Answer 5

• don’t mix with water
• move through the blood stream on carrier proteins
• pass through cell membrane via diffusion or cell carriers

Question 6

What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 6

1. transcription

2. translation

Question 7

Transcription:

Answer 7

Takes a single gene of DNA and copies it onto MRNA

Question 8

Translation:

Answer 8

Takes MRNA strand to produce a protein

Question 9

Growth hormone:

Answer 9

hypothalamus-> anterior pituitary -> growth hormone -> liver -> insulin growth factor 1

• growth in children, metabolism in adults
• released while asleep and stimulated during exercise

Question 10

Growth hormone deficiency result:

Answer 10

dwarfism

Question 11

Growth hormone excess result:

Answer 11

• gigantism

- Acromegaly- hands, feet, jaw & internal organs enlarge

Question 12

Thyroid gland

Answer 12

produces T3 + T4

Question 13

Goitre

Answer 13

enlargement of thyroid gland

Question 14

anabolic:

Answer 14

make large molecules

Question 15

catabolic:

Answer 15

Break down large molecules