107 exam 4

Question 1

AP position

Answer 1

-supine and taken portable
-film placed behind the pts back and machine is placed in front of pt, 48 inches from film
-heart is magnified

Question 2

PA position

Answer 2

-standard x-ray
-pt stands or sits in an upright position
-pts anterior chest in pressed against a film cassette holder

Question 3

lateral positions

Answer 3

-pts arms are raised with forearms resting on their head
-taken with side of the pts chest compressed against the film cassette

Question 4

lateral decubitus position

Answer 4

pt is lays on either right of left side of the suspected pleural effusion

Question 5

cardiothoracic ratio

Answer 5

-the ratio looks at the width of the heart compared to the width of the entire thorax
-the heart should be 50% (0.5) or less than the size of the thorax

Question 6

emphysema on cxr

Answer 6

-long narrowed heart
-flattened diaphragms from all air trapping
-radiolucent (black) lung fields
-widened spaces between the ribs

Question 7

pneuomothroax on cxr

Answer 7

-radiolucent (black) avascular on the affected side
-flattened diaphragm on the affected side
-compressed lung on the affected side

Question 8

pulmonary edema on cxr

Answer 8

-enlarged heart
-fluffy infiltrates near the hilar region

Question 9

pleural effusion on cxr

Answer 9

-a dependent opacity with a meniscus-shaped contour

Question 10

air cyst

Answer 10

thin-walled radiolucent area surrounded by normal lung tissue

Question 11

bleb

Answer 11

also called a bullae, it is more superficial (to the surface) near the pleural space

Question 12

bullae

Answer 12

a large thin-walled radiolucent area surrounded by normal lung tissue

Question 13

bronchogram

Answer 13

radiolucent branching of the tracheal tree seen at an area that you normally do not see the branching

Question 14

cavity

Answer 14

radiolucent area surrounded by dense tissue. May be fluid filled

Question 15

consolidation

Answer 15

radio-dense/white area that should be air-filled. Common in pneumonia

Question 16

homogeneous denisty

Answer 16

uniformly shaped white density.May be a tumor

Question 17

honeycombing

Answer 17

netlike density

Question 18

infiltrate

Answer 18

ill-defined density. Term commonly used

Question 19

interstitial density

Answer 19

interstitial thickening

Question 20

kerely A & B lines

Answer 20

-horizontal opaque lines seen with pulmonary edema
-they represent fluid in the septa
-A lines radiate from the hilum
-B lines radiate from the periphery

Question 21

lesion

Answer 21

alteration of the tissue- lost its ability to function properly

Question 22

opacity

Answer 22

white or radio-dense

Question 23

pleural density

Answer 23

density in the pleural space cause by fluid, scarring, tumor or inflammation

Question 24

pulmonary mass

Answer 24

lesion that is 6 cm or larger and is associated with tumors

Question 25

pulmonary nodule

Answer 25

-lesion that is less than 6 cm -also called a coin lesion

Question 26

radiodensity

Answer 26

white (solid) radio-opaque

Question 27

radiolucency

Answer 27

translucent, black (air)

Question 28

reticulonodular

Answer 28

netlike density with small white nodules (spots)

Question 29

silhouette sign

Answer 29

when the margin of a structure (such as the heart) is obscured by an opacity in the lung that is adjacent to the structure

Question 30

translucent

Answer 30

black or radiolucent

Question 31

list the sequence of the exam when inspecting a cxr

Answer 31

1.Mediastinum (trachea, heart, hilar region) 2.lungs + pleura 3.diaphragm + bones 4.gastric bubble 5.extrathoracis soft tissue

Question 32

overexposure on cxr

Answer 32

radiolucent

Question 33

underexposure on cxr

Answer 33

dense or whiter

Question 34

patient position for cxr

Answer 34

check the medial ends of the clavicles to the vertebral column, even a small degree of pt rotation can create false images

Question 35

blunted costophrenic angle

Answer 35

pleural effusion

Question 36

air bronchogram

Answer 36

-pneumonia -atelectasis

Question 37

fulffy bat wing pattern near the hilar region

Answer 37

-chf -pulmonary edema

Question 38

avascular area

Answer 38

pneumothorax

Question 39

flattened diaphragms

Answer 39

-copd -air-trapping

Question 40

long narrow heart with bilateral increased lung radiolucency

Answer 40

air trapping such as copd

Question 41

increased retrosternal space

Answer 41

-emphysema -copd -asthma

Question 42

bilateral "white out" with a ground glass apperance

Answer 42

ards