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ANAT 1OO MOUDLE 9 > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive tract( alimentary canal) is made up of

A

The mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, , small intestine, large intestine and anus

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2
Q

the accessory digestive organs are made up of

A

tongue, cheek, salivary glands, liver, biliary ducts gallbladder and pancreas

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3
Q

functions of the digestive tract

A

digestion, absorption, secretion, motility and elimination of waste

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4
Q

what is digestion

A

the process of mastication ( chewing ) crushing the food to break it down to start the chemical process of enzymes into molecules

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5
Q

Absorption

A

completed in the small intestine and where most nutrients are absorbed

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6
Q

What is secretion

A

cells in the stomach’s mucosal wall release gastric acid when food enters the stomach to perform chemical digestion

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7
Q

what is motility

A

muscles in the esophageal wall contract and relax to push food through esophagus into the stomach

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8
Q

elimination of waste

A

left over materials that are not absorbed are eliminated through the process of defecation

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9
Q

what is the mucosa

A

the innermost layer of the digestive tract wall and is composed of the surface epithelium, the lamina propria, the muscularis mucosa

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10
Q

surface epithelium

A

The type of epithelial layer that absorbs, protects and secretes

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11
Q

Lamina propia

A

loose connective tissue under the surface epithelium

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12
Q

Muscularis Mucosa

A

smooth muscle fibres under the lamina propria

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13
Q

submucosa

A

below the mucosa and is made up of dense irregular connective tissue and contains blood vessels , lymphatics , glands and nerve plexuses

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14
Q

muscularis externa

A

is composed of circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle and nerve plexuses responsible for muscular contraction to propel food though digestive tract

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15
Q

serosa/ adventitia

A

outermost layer of digestive tract,

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16
Q

serosa

A

when outermost layer is a serous membrane

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17
Q

adventitia

A

when outer layer is composed of loose connective tissue

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18
Q

oral cavity

A

first part of the digestive tract, and has 2 parts. The vestibule and the oral cavity proper

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19
Q

Vestibule

A

space between the cheeks and lips and the gums and the teeth

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20
Q

oral cavity proper

A

includes all the other areas of the mouth

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21
Q

Palate

A

makes up the superior border of the oral cavity , divided into the hard palate ( bone) and soft palate ( muscle )

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22
Q

uvula

A

posterior extension of the soft palate

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23
Q

frenulum

A

inferior surface of the tongue that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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24
Q

papillae

A

cover the superior and lateral surfaces of the tongue

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25
Q

deciduous teeth

A

baby teeth , 2 incisors, 1 canine , and 2 molars in each quadrant of jaw for a total of 20 teeth

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26
Q

permanent teeth

A

consists of 2 incisors , 1 canine , 2 pre moles and 3 molars in each jaw which totals to 32 teeth

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27
Q

salivary glands

A

secrete digestive enzymes and mucous to help break food down while chewing

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28
Q

Parotid

A

salivary gland that secretes serous watery, fluid and is located anterior and inferior to the external ear opening

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29
Q

Submandibular

A

salivary gland that secretes serous and mucous( viscous ) fluid and is inferior tot he mandible

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30
Q

Sublingual

A

salivary gland that secrets mucous and is inferior to the tongue

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31
Q

Tonsils

A

Collections of lymphoid tissue found areas of the pharynx and play a role in the immune system

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32
Q

the 3 kinds of tonsils

A

palatine tonsils , pharyngeal tonsils , lingual tonsils

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33
Q

pharynx

A

part of both the digestive system and the respiratory system

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34
Q

structures of the oral cavity

A

palate, tongue , teeth, pharynx, salivary glands, tonsils

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35
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube that measures 25 craned extends to the pharynx to the stomach

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36
Q

mucosa of esophagus

A

made up of stratified squamous epithelium that protect the esophagus from friction as food goes from the oral cavity to the stomach

37
Q

Submucosa of the esophagus

A

contains mucous secreting glands which lubricates the tract to allow food to pass more easily

38
Q

Muscularis externa

A

includes both smooth and skeletal muscle in the esophagus

39
Q

serosa/ adventitia

A

composed of loose connective tissue

40
Q

the regions of the stomach include

A

the funds, the body and the Antrum

41
Q

the greater omentum

A

structure that hangs off the curvature of the stomach . Role is to cover and protect the abdominal viscera

42
Q

Mucosa of the stomach

A

folds into rigs called rug , which allow the stomach to expand following eating food

43
Q

Epithelium of the stomach

A

simple columnar which extend down to the lamina propria to form gastric glands

44
Q

The epithelium of the stomach secretes ?

A

mucous which protects the stomach from from acids that are secreted from the gastric glands to help breakdown food

45
Q

Submucosa of the stomach

A

contains blood vessels. lymphatics, glands and nerve plexuses that supply the stomach tissue with oxygen and control contraction

46
Q

muscularis external of the stomach

A

contains 3 layers of smooth muscle in different directions

outer longitudinal layer, middle circular layer and inner oblique layer

47
Q

serosa/ adventitia

A

serosa covers the stomach

48
Q

The stomach has 3 layers because ?

A

requires more power to digest and churn food

49
Q

differences in the esophagus vs the stomach

A

stomach has 3 layers while the esophagus only has 2, and differences lie in the mucosa

50
Q

why are their differences in the mucosa ?

A

because the functions of the esophagus and the stomach are different

51
Q

small intestine

A

divided into 3 parts duodenum, jejunum and the ileum

52
Q

Duodenum

A

c shaped enclosed the head of the pancreas and is 25 cm long

53
Q

Jejunum

A

lies in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

54
Q

ileum

A

lies in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen

55
Q

The small intestine contains ?

A

Vili which extend into the lumen of the small intestine

56
Q

epithelium of small intestine

A

simple columnar that is found on the vili along with other abortive cells that make up a brush border

57
Q

brush border is needed because ?

A

increases the surface area for absorption of nutrients

58
Q

goblet cell

A

located between abortive cells. secrete mucous to help lubricate the passage of food

59
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

secrete hormones involved in the regulation of satiety, blood sugar level and broth of epithelial cells

60
Q

lamina propria

A

forms the core of each villus and contain blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries

61
Q

Peyers patches

A

collections f lymphatic tissue in the lamina propria that are abundant in the ileum

62
Q

intestinal glands

A

crypts (lieberkuhn) which are deep folds of mucosa between vili and secrete intestinal juices

63
Q

the mucosa and the submucosa of the small intestine form ?

A

pilcrae circulates which are permanent transverse folds which help increase the surface area for absorption and to spiral through small intestine

64
Q

submucosa of the small intestine

A

of the duodenum and contains duodenal glands that secretes alkaline metals ( glands only found in duodenum )

65
Q

purpose of alkaline metals

A

protect the small intestine from stomach acid that may be present in partially digested food

66
Q

outermost layer of small intestine

A

serosa

67
Q

muscularis externa of small intestine

A

composed of 2 smooth muscle layers which are organized into circular and longitudinal layers with a nerve plexus between the 2

68
Q

Large intestine

A

terminal portion of the digestive tract

69
Q

sections of the large intestine include

A

The cecum, the colon and the rectum which extend from the small intestine to the anal canal

70
Q

Cecum

A

first portion of the large intestine and has an extension off of ti called vermiform appendix

71
Q

colon

A

second portion of the large intestine, divided into 4 sections

72
Q

extending colon

A

extends from the cecum up the right side of the abdomen to join the transverse colon below the liver

73
Q

transverse colon

A

extends below the liver, crossing the abdomen to join descending colon below spleen

74
Q

descending colon

A

extends down the left side of the abdomen

75
Q

sigmoid colon

A

s shaped terminal portion of the colon that leads to the rectum

76
Q

rectum

A

extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal and stores focal matter

77
Q

mucosa of large intestine epithelium

A

contains simple columnar and goblet cells moving closer to the anus does not contain villi or pilcrae circulares

78
Q

epithelium of the anal canal

A

stratified squamous epithelium

79
Q

accumulations of what are found in the large intestine

A

accumulations of lymphatic tissue are present in the lamina propria

80
Q

large intestine sub mucosa

A

contains blood vessels , lymphatics glands and nerve plexuses

81
Q

muscularis externa of cecum and colon

A

outer longitudinal layer forms 3 longitudinal bands (teniae coli ) which bunch to form sac like structures called haustra

82
Q

muscularis externa of rectum

A

3 teniae coli merge to form the continuous longitudinal muscular layer

83
Q

muscularis external of anal canal

A

circular muscular layer thickens into the internal anal sphincter involved in waste excretion

84
Q

large intestine serosa/ adventitia

A

can be covered in either serosa or adventitia

85
Q

crowns disease is characterized by ?

A

inflammation of lining of digestive tract most often in lower aspects of small intestine or areas of large intestine . symptoms include abdominal pain , diarrhea , fatigue

86
Q

Anal canal

A

last portion of the digestive tract

87
Q

the anal canal includes

A

the anal column and the internal and external anal sphincters

88
Q

anal column

A

longitudinal ridges in the canal

89
Q

internal and external anal sphincters

A

maintain continence, and relax to enable evacuation during defecation

ANAT 1OO MOUDLE 9 (5 decks)

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