31: Module 4 Lecture part 2

Question 1

What did the Edinburgh artery study show?

Answer 1

When compared to CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1

IL6 was most highly associated with progression of atherosclerosis

Question 2

What can be said about omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue?

Answer 2

Adipocytes don’t cause the release of IL6 it is mainly the supporting tissues

It may be undigested adipose tissue, tissue matrix, isolated stromo-vascular cells

Question 3

What positive effects do IL-6 have?

Answer 3

Protects against obesity in mice

Can be an anti-inflammatory by activating IL-10

Question 4

Summarise the effects of IL-6?

Answer 4

POSITIVE

promotes macrophage activation

Insulin sensitising

Myokine upregulated by physical exercise

NEGATIVE

Pro-inflammatory actions

Promotes insulin resistance

Adipokine upregulated by obesity

Question 5

What are the actions of leptin

Answer 5

Raises during eating- suppresses appetite signalling via hypothalamus

Reduces ACC expression, fatty acid an lipid synthesis, lipid accumulation

Question 6

How can leptin effect obesity?

Answer 6

No leptin- unable to suppress appetite

Obese with leptin- become sensitised

Question 7

What effects does leptin have on blood vessels?

Answer 7

Impairs vasorelaxation

Impairs vasodilation in response to ACh?

Question 8

How does leptin interact with cytokines and HDL?

Answer 8

Inverse relationship between leptin and HDL

Increases TNF-a and IL-6

Question 9

What is adiponectin

Answer 9

Acts to lower plasma glucose, reduces body weight

Enhances NO

Inhibit TNF-a

Question 10

What are the mechanisms of adiponectin?

Answer 10

Decreases ceramide levels to stop insulin resistance

Little is known about adiponectin

Question 11

How does exercise affect disease?

Answer 11

Reduces IL-6 levels

Reduces CRP levels

Changes body compensation to affect fat distribution

Reduces effects of insulin resistance

Reduces all outcome cardiac mortality, all term mortality, etc