Chapter 9-Motivating the Workforce

Question 1

Human relations

Answer 1

the study of behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings.

Question 2

Motivation

Answer 2

an inner drive that directs a person’s behavior toward goals

Question 3

Morale

Answer 3

an employee’s attitude toward his or her job, employer, and colleagues

Question 4

Intrinsic Rewards

Answer 4

the personal satisfaction and enjoyment felt after attaining a goal

Question 5

Extrinsic Rewards

Answer 5

benefits and/or recognition received form someone else

Question 6

Classical theory of motivation

Answer 6

theory suggesting that money us the sole motivator for workers

Question 7

Maslow’s hierarchy

Answer 7

a theory that arranges the five basic needs of people-physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization- into the order in which people strive to satisfy them

Question 8

Physiological needs

Answer 8

the most basic human needs to be satisfied - water, food, shelter, and clothing

Question 9

Security needs

Answer 9

the need to protect oneself from physical and economic harm

Question 10

Social needs

Answer 10

the need for love, companionship, and friendship - the desire to be acceptance by others

Question 11

Esteem needs

Answer 11

the need for respect - both self-respect and respect from others

Question 12

Self-Actualization needs

Answer 12

the need to be the best one can be; at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy

Question 13

Hygiene factors

Answer 13

aspects of Herzberg’s theory of motivation that focus on the work setting and not the content of the work; those aspects include adequate wages, comfortable and safe working conditions, fair company policies, and job security

Question 14

Motivational Factors

Answer 14

aspects of Herzberg’s theory of motivation that focus on the content of the work itself; these aspects include achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility, and advancement

Question 15

Theory X

Answer 15

McGregor’s traditional view of management whereby it is assumed that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs

Question 16

Theory Y

Answer 16

McGregor’s humanistic view of management whereby it is assumed that workers like to work and that under proper conditions employees will seek out responsibility in an attempt to satisfy their social, esteem, and self-actualization needs

Question 17

Theory Z

Answer 17

a management philosophy that stresses employee participation in all aspects of company decision making

Question 18

Equity Theory

Answer 18

an assumption that how much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange

Question 19

Expectancy Theory

Answer 19

the assumption that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on how likely he or she is to get it

Question 20

behavior modification

Answer 20

changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself

Question 21

Job Rotation

Answer 21

movement of employees from one job to another in an effort to relieve the boredom often associated with job specialization

Question 22

Job Enlargement

Answer 22

the addition of more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate

Question 23

Job enrichment

Answer 23

an incorporation of motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement, into a job

Question 24

Flextime

Answer 24

a program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified core period

Question 25

Compressed Workweek

Answer 25

a four-day (or shorter) period during which an employee works 40 hours

Question 26

Job Sharing

Answer 26

performance of one full-time job by two people on part-time hours