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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 main energy stores

A 
magnetic
thermal
chemical
kinetic
electrostatic
elastic potential
gravitational potential
nuclear
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2
Q

What is magnetic energy

A

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart.

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3
Q

What is thermal energy

A

The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object, in most cases this is the vibrations – also known as the kinetic energy – of particles. In hotter objects, the particles have more internal energy and vibrate faster.

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4
Q

What is chemical energy

A

The energy stored in chemical bonds, such as those between molecules.

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5
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

The energy of a moving object.

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6
Q

What is electrostatic energy

A

The energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart.

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7
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

The energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed.

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8
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

The energy of an object at height.

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9
Q

What is Nuclear energy

A

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

Examples of magnetic energy

A

Fridge magnets, compasses, maglev trains which use magnetic levitation.

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11
Q

Examples of thermal energy

A

Human bodies, hot coffees, stoves or hobs. Ice particles vibrate slower, but still have energy.

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12
Q

Examples of chemical energy

A

Foods, muscles, electrical cells.

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13
Q

Examples of kinetic energy

A

Runners, buses, comets.

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14
Q

Examples of electrostatic energy

A

charges have been pulled further apart. Thunderclouds, Van De Graaff generators

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15
Q

Examples of elastic potential energy

A

Drawn catapults, compressed springs, inflated balloons.

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16
Q

Examples of gravitational potential energy

A

Aeroplanes, kites, mugs on a table.

17
Q

Examples of nuclear energy

A

Uranium nuclear power, nuclear reactors.

18
Q

How to calculate efficiency

A

Efficiency=useful output energy/total input energy

19
Q

How do you increase the efficiency of a device or a process

A
  • Reducing the amount of wasted energy – With mechanical processes you need to reduce friction and find ways to ensure all of the fuel is going into an engine
20
Q

What is insulation

A

Insulation slows down the rate at which energy is transferred out of a house by heating

21
Q

What is conduction

A

In conduction vibrations are passed on between particles in a solid. Metals are good conductors

22
Q

What is convection

A

In convection part of a fluid that is warmer than the rest rises and sets up a convection current

23
Q

What is radiation

A

Radiation is the only way which energy can be transferred through a vacuum. Infrared radiation can also pass through gases and some solid materials. Infrared radiation is absorbed and emitted easily by dull, dark surfaces and is absorbed and emitted poorly by light, shiny surfaces.

24
Q

A vacuum flask is a good insulator because…

A

shiny surfaces reduce radiation and the vacuum does not allow any heat to pass through except radiation. The plastic spacer and stopper are good insulators because they do not conduct heat keeping the inside at the same temperature.

25
Q

What is the rate of which thermal energy is transferred called

A

Thermal conductivity

26
Q

What does low thermal conductivity mean

A

The material is a good insulator

27
Q

What are trapped air convection currents not able to form

A

So good insulators such as straw and aerogel due to lots of air spaces

28
Q

Equation of change in gravitational potential energy

A

Change of gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x change in vertical height
(GPE=mgh)

29
Q

Equation for kinetic energy

A

Ke = 1/2 x m x v^2

30
Q

What is non renewable energy

A

Resource that will run out because it cannot be renewed

e.g coal, oil, fuel, nuclear gas

31
Q

Advantages of non renewable energy

A
  • Energy dense stores
  • Reliable
  • Easily stored and transported
32
Q

Disadvantages of non renewable energy

A
  • Environmental impact of mining extraction of fuel
  • Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide –> global warming, climate change, release sulphur dioxide = acid rain
  • Soot / particulates = breathing problems ie asthma
  • Non being replaced
33
Q

7 renewable energy sources

A

Solar, Hydroelectricity, Wind turbines, Tidal power, Bio-fuels, Waves and Geothermal

Physics (6 decks)

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