Neurology

Question 1

What is Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome?

Answer 1

It occurs due to occlusion of Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).
Symptoms are:
1) Vestibular nucleus (nystagmus, vertigo, vomiting, diplopia)
2) Nucleus ambiguus (dysghagia, dysphonia, loss of gag reflex)
3) Spinal Trigeminal nucleus (loss of ipsilateral facial pain and temperature)
4) Spinothalamic tract (loss of contralateral truncal and extremity pain and temperature)
5) Inferior cerebellar peduncle (ataxia)
6) Horner syndrome

Question 2

What is the best diagnostic modality of choice for cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Answer 2

MR venography

Question 3

What is the most appropriate management in patients with serious bleeding due to excess anticoagulation due to warfarin?

Answer 3

IV vitamin K and prothrombin concentrate complex (PCC). Vitamin K enhances the production of clotting factors in liver but it usually takes 12-24 hrs whereas PCC has vit k dependent clotting factors and provide rapid and short term reversal of warfarin.

Question 4

What is the pathogenesis of c botulinum toxin?

Answer 4

Botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 5

How to diagnose foodborne botulism?

Answer 5

measure serum botulinum toxin

Question 6

What is the treatment for foodborne botulism?

Answer 6

horse derived antitoxin called equine serum heptavalent botulinum antitoxin

Question 7

What specific finding is associated with CSF analysis of multiple sclerosis patient?

Answer 7

Oligoclonal bands

Question 8

On hearing test, conductive hearing loss results in lateralization to?

Answer 8

Affected ear; Bone conduction results in sound amplification

Question 9

On hearing test, sensorineural hearing loss results in lateralization to?

Answer 9

Unaffected ear