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Biology > Variety of life and Classification > Flashcards

Variety of life and Classification Flashcards

1
Q

How can you test the reliability of results?

A

By repeating an experiment - if repeats give the same or similar results it suggests they are reliable

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2
Q

Independent variable

A

The thing YOU change in the experiment (e.g. coke or diet coke)

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3
Q

Dependent variable

A

The thing that changes that you measure (blood sugar)

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4
Q

Control variable

A

The thing that you keep the same to make it a fair test

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5
Q

Mean

A

Add all the numbers together and divide by how many numbers there are

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6
Q

How do you increase the reliability of the mean

A

By repeating the experiment and calculating a new mean

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7
Q

What is more precise? mm or cm?

A

mm

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8
Q

What is more precise g or mg?

A

mg

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9
Q

What goes in the first column of a table?

A

Independent variable (the thing YOU change)

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10
Q

What goes in the second column of a table?

A

Dependent variable (the thing that changes in the experiment)

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11
Q

Where do the units go in a table?

A

In the headings

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12
Q

When do you use a bar graph?

A

When the independent variable is categoric e.g coke / diet coke

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13
Q

When do you use a line graph?

A

When the independent variable is continuous e.g. temperature or age

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14
Q

What does categoric mean

A

Different categories of data e.g. male/female

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15
Q

What is a discrete number?

A

Things you count and do in whole numbers e.g. number of individuals

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16
Q

What is a continuous variable?

A

Things you measure like mass, length, time (and don’t have to be whole numbers)

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17
Q

what do plant cells contain?

A

multi cellular organisms, e.g. cellulose cell wall, makes own food by photosynthesis (using chlorophyll in chloroplasts to harness light energy)

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18
Q

What do moulds play a role in?

A

Moulds play a role in decay; yeast used in beer / wine / bread making.

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19
Q

What is single cell fungi called?

A

Yeast

20
Q

How is Fungi organised?

A

It is organised into a mycelium made of thread like structures called hyphie; cell walls made of chitin; saprophytic - obtain nutrition by extracellular digestion (secrete digestive enzymes onto food and absorb soluble products).

21
Q

Why does bread rise?

A

Bread rises due to carbon dioxide gas given off by yeast as it respires sugars.

22
Q

What is single multicellular fungi called?

A

Mould

23
Q

What is a categoric variable?

A

A special type of discrete variable and are described by labels like dog, cat, mouse

24
Q

What is an anomalous result?

A

A result that is very different to other repeats and is not included when calculating the mean.

25
Q

How have organisms adapted to live in different habitats?

A

They adapt over time, e.g. polar bears have

  • big feet to spread their weight
  • white fur coat to camouflage with snow
  • black skin under fur to absorb sun’s heat
  • thick layer of fat for insulation
  • small ears to reduce surface area
26
Q

How can organisms be sorted into groups?

A

Sorted into groups based on shared features (classification)

27
Q

What are the 6 main groups of classification?

A
  1. Plants
  2. Animals
  3. Fungi
  4. Protoctists
  5. Bacteria
  6. Viruses (not strictly living things)
28
Q

Where do Protoctists mainly live?

A

Pond water

29
Q

What are Protoctists?

A

Microscopic single-celled organisms

30
Q

What features do Protoctists have?

A

Amoeba, while others have chloroplasts and are more like plants e.g. chlorella.

31
Q

What is an example of Pathogen?

A

It’s the malaria parasite plasmodium

32
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Microscopic, single-celled organism; they have a cell wall made of murein

33
Q

What do bacteria lack in their cells?

A

Nucleus, but they do contain a circular chromosome of DNA

34
Q

What do bacteria play a role in?

A

Decay and recycling of nutrients but some cause disease like food poisoning and tuberculosis. Some are used in food production (yogurt & cheese)

35
Q

Describe viruses

A

They are smaller than bacteria and they are parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells, they infect every type of living orgnaism

36
Q

What is the structure of a virus?

A

No cellular structure, just genetic material, wrapped in a protein coat, e.g. influenza virus and HIV

37
Q

What are animal cells?

A

They are multi-cellular organisms, have no cell wall, obtain nutrients by eating, most can move from place to place and have a nervous system

38
Q

How can animals be classified?

A

Those with and those without a backbone, e.g. vertebrates and invertebrates

39
Q

What do Arthropods have?

A

Jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton (invertebrates)

40
Q

What do insects have?

A

A body divided into 3 sections, 6 jointed legs, may have a pair of wings e.g. flies and beetles,

41
Q

Name the different types of arthropods

A 
Insects - flies & beetles
Crustaceans - crabs
Myriapods - centipedes
Arachnids - spiders
Molluscs - snails
Anelids - earthworms
42
Q

What does an Annelid have?

A

Long bodies divided into rings e.g. Earthworm

43
Q

Name the different Vertebrates?

A 
Mammals (hair)
Birds (feathers)
Fish (loose wet scales)
Reptiles (dry scales)
Amphibia (smooth moist skin)
44
Q

What do mammals and birds have in common?

A

Constant warm body temperature

45
Q

How do the young of mammals develop differently to other species?

A

The young mammals develop inside the mother whilst the other groups lay eggs

46
Q

What is extra cellular digestion?

A

Secreting digestive enzymes on to material then absorbing soluble products of digestion

Biology (10 decks)

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