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Ortho Eval > Week 11 - Ergonomics > Flashcards

Week 11 - Ergonomics Flashcards

1
Q
  • science of people at work
  • concerned with the problem of how to fit the job to a persons anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics in such a way to enhance human efficiency and well-being.
A

ergonomics

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2
Q

name 6 primary risk factors for work injuries.

A
  • posture
  • repetition
  • force
  • contact stress
  • vibration
  • environmental
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3
Q

focused, sustained, or suddenly applied with compressive force

A

contact stress

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4
Q

condition that is a result of chronic repetitive use of the UE or LE which may involve high force, high repetition, vibration, awkward posture, or a combination of the above

A

cumulative trauma disorder (CTD)

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5
Q

incidences of cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) have ___ since 1984.

A

tripled

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6
Q

name 4 ways to prevent CTD.

A
  • job/ergonomic analysis
  • job rotation
  • frequent work breaks
  • functional capacity eval.
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7
Q

CTD among ___ ___ is 1/2 of all related injuries.

A

keyboard (computer) usage

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8
Q

researchers suggest that which positions are a predisposing factor for CTD?

A

extreme and repetitive wrist deviations (particularly those involving ulnar and/or radial deviation and extension)

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9
Q

what is the most common risk factor for CTD?

A

repeated and sustained exertions

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10
Q

cause tendon displacement and median nerve stressed and compressed (ex: CTS)

A

wrist flexion/extension

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11
Q

cause thumb tendons displaced (ex: DeQuervain’s)

A

wrist ulnar/radial deviation

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12
Q

upper traps tightness

A

shoulder elevation

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13
Q

traction of ulnar nerve

A

elbow flexion

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14
Q

stress on small finger joints

A

pinching

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15
Q

cervical symptoms can lead to distal problems

A

neck flexion

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16
Q

rhythmic alternation of contraction and extension, tension and relaxation (blood flow through a muscle)

A

dynamic effort

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17
Q

prolonged state of contraction of muscles, implies postural stance (ex: computer usage) (blood flow is obstructed)

A

static effort

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18
Q

name 2 types of muscular effort.

A
  • dynamic effort

- static effort

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19
Q

repeated ___ ___ can lead to damage of joints, ligaments and tendons.

A

static efforts

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20
Q

inflammatory and degenerative processes in the overloaded tissues

A

musculoskeletal disorders

21
Q
  • overuse/overexertion of muscle/body system is experienced as a muscle cramp
  • amount is related to the amount and duration of work
A

muscle fatigue

22
Q

short lived, localized to muscles and tendons, pain disappears when static load is relieved.

A

reversible symptoms

23
Q

localized to strained muscles and tendons, affects joints and adjacent tissues; pain does not stop when work is relived, leads to inflammatory and degenerative processes in overloaded tissues.

A

persistent symptoms

24
Q

name 4 most common injuries associated with CTD.

A
  • muscle fatigue
  • tendon disorders
  • nerve compressions
  • myofascial pain
25
Q
  • entrapment occurs in specific anatomic areas where nerves pass under a restrictive pulley or retinacular restraint that produces compression
  • inflammatory changes resulting in thickening of the tendon or nerve sheaths
  • pain, numbness, tingling, electricity, burning and weakness
A

nerve compression syndromes

26
Q
  • overuse of muscles cause hyperirritability, the focal point of which is the trigger point
  • trigger points - local inflammatory response, muscular hardness, local ischemia, and connective tissue irritation
  • generalized diffuse pain and weakness
  • consider when tendinitis treatment failed
A

myofascial pain

27
Q

name 4 types of pain.

A
  • complex regional pain syndrome
  • myofascial pain syndrome
  • fibrositis
  • fibromyalgia
28
Q

what is an intervention for a flexed/rotated neck regarding computer/office ergonomics?

A

document holder

29
Q

what is an intervention for a flexed/extended wrist regarding computer/office ergonomics?

A

adjust keyboard

30
Q

what is an intervention for an extended forearm reach regarding computer/office ergonomics?

A

desk/chair height

31
Q

what is an intervention for contact stresses (edges of desk, chair, and keyboard) regarding computer/office ergonomics?

A

padded wrist/forearm rests

32
Q

name an intervention for repetition - high pace and rapid motion regarding computer/office ergonomics.

A

breaks, decrease stress

33
Q

name an intervention for static exertions - shoulders, neck, arms, or upper back regarding computer/office ergonomics.

A

breaks, change posture

34
Q

name an intervention for force exertions - key strokes regarding computer/office ergonomics.

A

minimal amount of force

35
Q

how many inches should a back rest of a chair be above the seat?

A

20 inches

36
Q

an arm rest of a chair should be below how many inches of where the forearm would normally fall?

A

2 inches

37
Q

noise above how many decibels interferes with complex mental activities, skilled performance and interpretation of info?

A

90 decibels

38
Q

how long must a pt. stand for during a functional capacity evaluation (FCE)?

A

4 hours

39
Q

prolonged what can lead to a lot of injuries and even surgery?

A

ulnar deviation

40
Q

key striking can lead to what?

A

white fingertips

41
Q

static postures ___ ___.

A

reduce bloodflow

42
Q

implies acute

A

itis

43
Q

implies chronic

A

osis

44
Q

how do we minimize acute symptoms?

A

reduce symptoms, “band-aid”

45
Q

how do we minimize chronic symptoms?

A

change what pt. is doing

46
Q
  • pain that person is experiencing doesn’t seem to make sense
  • wiring is off
  • usually from trauma injuries
  • skin becomes shiny and tight
A

CRPS

47
Q
  • chronic pain and chronic fatigue

- treatment can be psychosocial therapy

A

fibromyalgia

48
Q

how many inches do you want in between chair and popliteal fossa when sitting?

A

4 inches

49
Q
  • work breaks

- every 30 mins get up and do something

A

ergobreaks

Ortho Eval (24 decks)

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