Pharmacology - Food Allergy & Intolerance Flashcards
Types of adverse reactions to food
Toxic (toxin in food)
non-toxic (food intolerance)
Food intolerance
reproducible
Food allergy definition
abnormal immunological reaction to food
Food allergy characteristics: frequency, age, onset, symptoms
- rare
- usually before age 5
- minutes to hrs after ingestion
- nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dermatitis,asthma, anaphylactic shock
Infants and cow’s milk allergy vs. lactose intolerance presentation
similar presentation
cow milk’s allergy alternatives for babies
soya-based formula
cow’s milk free milk for babies
nutramigen
then pepti-junior
Coelica disease
IgE antibodies not produced
autoimmune disease triggered by gluten (gliadins (cause the response), glutenins) –> body produces antibodies against tissue proteins
Coeliac disease symptoms
weight loss, abdominal distension, flatulenece, steatorrhoea (fatty stool), micronutrient deficiencies
Coeliac disease management
avoid wheat, rye, barley, oats, some processed food and meds (thickening agents etc.)
supplements (elderly: double Ca+)
Coeliac disease increase risk of:
cancer (lymphoma & adenocarcinoma of small bowel)
osteoporsosis
neurological problems
even if symptoms are mild –> adhere to gluten-free diet
What is gluten ataxia?
antiglidan antibodies attack brain
Non-immune mediated enzymatic reaction examples
lactose intolerance:
lack of lactase in GIT
non-immune mediated
asian flush: alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency
Pharmacological examples of reactions to substances in foods
Caffeine:
sweatign, palpitations, withdrawal headache, depression etc.
Salicylates in herbs, fruits, vegetables etc.: GI disturbances
Vasoactive amines:
histamine, tyramine, serotonin in chease, yeast extract, red wine etc.
Phenylketonuria definition, testing and consequences
- defective breakdown of amino acid phenylalanine
- tested in newborns (6-10 days)
- mental retardation if not treated within 20 days
Phenylketonuria management
- protein-limited diet
- supplement Phe free amino acid mix
- Ca2+ supplement
- iron supplement
- avoid aspartame (contain Phe)
