Chapter 8: Water and Minerals

Question 1

How much of our body weight does water make up?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

Functions of water?

Answer 2

• transport of nutrients and wastes
• solvent
• cleansing agent
• lubricant for joints
• maintains body temp
• incompressibility

Question 3

What happens when you are thirsty?

Answer 3

• Pituitary gland signalled to release hormone
• kidney shift water back to bloodstream (urine output decreased)
• hypothalamus initiates nerve impulse

Question 4

What are the 7 major minerals?

Answer 4

• calcium
• phosphorus
• potassium
• sulfur
• sodium
• chloride
• magnesium

Question 5

What are trace minerals?

Answer 5

• iodine
• iron
• zinc
• copper
• selenium
• fluoride
• chromium
• manganese

Question 6

What are the functions?

Answer 6

• electrolytes maintain water balance and muscle contractions (na,k,cl)
• bones and teeth (ca,p,mg,f,zn)
• structure of DNA (P)
• protein structure
• cell signalling
• antioxidant

Question 7

Functions of calcium?

Answer 7

• muscle contraction- heartbeat

- blood clotting

Question 8

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 8

When bone density drops

Question 9

Functions of phosphorus?

Answer 9

• maintenance of acid-base balance
• part of DNA and RNA- tissue growth and renewal
• structural part of phospholipids
• stored in bones and teeth

Question 10

Functions of magnesium?

Answer 10

• operation of enzymes

- the proper functioning of muscles (ca: contracts and mg: relaxes)

Question 11

Functions of sodium?

Answer 11

• iron is used to maintain fluid volume outside cells
• nerve transmission
• as sodium intake >, BP is > and leads to hypertension

Question 12

Functions of potassium?

Answer 12

• positive ion used to maintain fluid volume inside cells
• fluid and electrolyte balance
• maintain heartbeat
• deficiency worsens hypertension

Question 13

Functions of zinc?

Answer 13

• makes parts of cells genetic material
• heme in haemoglobin
• wound healing, sperm production, taste,fetal development