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Geography > Soil resources > Flashcards

Soil resources Flashcards

1
Q

topmost layer of Earth’s land surface

A

Soil

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2
Q

from what are soils derived and by what process?

A
  1. from parent rock material

2. process of wear and tear

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3
Q

Decomposed vegetal and animal remains

A

Humus

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4
Q

Constituents of soil

A

humus, Silica.clay and sand

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5
Q

strength of soil to support plant life

A

Soil fertility

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6
Q

____ improves soil structure and fertility

A

Organic matter

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7
Q

Residual/sedimentary soil is also known as __________

A

In situ soil

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8
Q

what is in situ soil and example….

A
  1. formed in original position by breakup of parent rocks

2. Red soil,desert soil,black soil

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9
Q

transported soil is also called

A

ex situ soil

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10
Q

What is ex situ soil and example…

A
  1. soil transported by various agents
  2. no well defined profile
  3. alluvial soil
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11
Q

How are alluvial soils formed?

A

by the sediments brought down by rivers

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12
Q

what do the rivers deposit in the plains during their journey

A

alluvium

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13
Q

alluvial soil is also known as _________.

it is known so because…..

A

Riverine soil as it is mainly found in river basins

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14
Q

alluvial soils occupy ___ of the land area

A

40%

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15
Q

entire Northern plains consist of ____ soil

A

Alluvial

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16
Q

Three river systems which deposit alluvial soil ______

A

indus, ganga, brahmaputra

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17
Q

two types of alluvial soil

A

bhangar and khadar

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18
Q

_____ is older alluvium and composed of ______ called _______

A

Bhangar ,lime nodules, kankar

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19
Q

bhangar has a ______ composition

A

clayey

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20
Q

_______ is newer alluvium

A

Khadar

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21
Q

why is alluvial soil the most important in India

A

It contributes the largest share to agricultural wealth of India

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22
Q

Coastal alluvium is of _____ origin

A

Tidal

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23
Q

In the upper reaches of river valley…. soil is __________ and the particles are ____

A

coarse,large , non uniform

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24
Q

in the lower parts of the river valley…. soil is ____ and ____

A

small and uniform

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25
Q

How is alluvial soil …

A

light and porous

easily tillable

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26
Q

alluvial soil is rich in what minerals

A

potash, lime

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27
Q

alluvial soil is deficient in _______

A

nitrogen and humus

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28
Q

what crops can be grown in alluvial soil ( RSTW and 2 other )

A

Rice
Sugarcane
Tobacco
Wheat

Gram and oil seeds

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29
Q

What are some names for black soil?

A

Regur soil
Black cotton soil
Lava soil

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30
Q

How is black soil formed

A

denudation of volcanic rocks

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31
Q

Distribution of alluvial soil

A

Northern plains
coastal strips of India
plains of Gujarat
( sideways V and gujarat) - map

32
Q

Distribution of black soil - (the two states where palam has resided and the P’s )

A

Deccan lava tract
- AP UP MP TN
- maharashtra karnataka
middle of India ( for map)

33
Q

nature of black soil

A

fine textured and clayey

34
Q

black soil is rich in ____

A

Lime, iron, magnesium

35
Q

black soil is poor in ______

A

P,N and Humus

36
Q

soil which has self aeration capacity and moisture stores in subsoil

A

black soil

37
Q

crops grown in blacks soil

A

COTTON
cereals
oilseeds
citrus fruits ( orange/sweet lime/lemon)

38
Q

Main feature of black soil

A

highly moisture retentive

expands when wet and shrinks when dry

39
Q

moisture retentiveness makes black soil suitable for

A

dry farming

40
Q

how is red soil formed

A

prolonged weathering of old crystalline rocks

41
Q

how does red soil differ from place to place

A

basis of parent rock material and climatic conditions

42
Q

why is red soil red in color?

A

contains large amounts of ferric oxides

43
Q

second largest soil group in India

A

Red soil

44
Q

distribution of red soil

A

plateau region of India and some parts of the branch wing of NE India like Nagaland
encircles the entire black soil region

45
Q

is red soil porous or not?

A

yes it is porous, loose and aerated

46
Q

Which soil is not fertile but responds to fertilisers?

A

Red soil

47
Q

red soil is poor in ____

A

N,P,K organic matter

48
Q

Red soil looks ____ when it is hydrated form

A

Yellow

49
Q

why is red soil ideal for dry farming

A

formed in poor rainfall areas

50
Q

crops which can be grown in red soil

A

Vegetables, rice, ragi, tobacco

groundnuts and potatoes also

51
Q

how is laterite soil formed?

A

leaching due to tropical rains

52
Q

What is leaching?

A

process in which nutrients get percolated down below the soil due to heavy rain

53
Q

leaching is also known as ___

A

desilication

54
Q

two types of laterites

A

Low land laterites and upland laterites

55
Q

what is upland and lowland laterites

A

upland laterite - formed over hills and uplands - residual

lowland laterite - transported upland laterite

56
Q

what compounds are not washed away during leaching

A

aluminium compounds

57
Q

distribution of laterite soil

A

highland areas of the Peninsular plateau
- Sahyadris
-eastern Ghats
Rajmahal hills

58
Q

nature of laterite soil

A
  • coarse texture
  • soft
  • friable
  • porous
59
Q

laterite soil color

A

red due to ferric oxides

60
Q

Laterite soil is poor in ___, ____ and ______

A

lime,magnesium and nitrogen

61
Q

does laterite soil retain moisture?

A

no and so it is not fertile

62
Q

what crops does laterite soil suit?

A

tapioca, cashewnut, tea, coffee

63
Q

what is laterite soil normally used for

A

building purposes

64
Q

is laterite soil basic/acidic and why?

A

acidic as alkalis are leached

65
Q

what is soil erosion?

A

removal of topsoil cover by water, wind and human activities

66
Q

types of soil erosion by water

A 
sheet erosion
rill erosion
gully erosion
stream bank erosion
sea/shore erosion
leaching
67
Q

name a place where gully erosion can be seen? ( not our streets)

A

Chambal Valley region

68
Q

soil erosion causes due to human action

A
  1. overgrazing
  2. loss of vegetation cover
  3. shifting cultivation
69
Q

how do soil particles sized > 0.5 mm move and what is it called?

A

rolling- soil creep

70
Q

how do soil particles sized 0.1 - 0.5 mm move and what is it called?

A

bouncing- saltation

71
Q

how do soil particles sized < 0.1 mm move and what is it called?

A

detach in wind - suspension

72
Q

where is overgrazing most prevalent in India?

A

Rajasthan

73
Q

Percentage of forest cover in India

A

21.54 % of total area

74
Q

farmers plant trees in several rows to check wind erosion.. this is called as_____

A

wind breaks

75
Q

Three nutrients for basic plant nourishment

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium

Geography (4 decks)

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