Fungi

Question 1

Characteristics about Fungi:

Answer 1

• Eukaryotic
• Walls made of Chitin
• Heterotrophs - fungi lack chlorophyll
• Reproduce by spores
• Made of individual tubes called Hyphae (Group = Mycelium)

Question 2

Is Fungi a Parasite or Saprophyte?

Answer 2

Parasites - take food from plants or animals (e.g. athletes foot)
Saprophyte - Found in soil, rotting leaves, trees and dead animals (e.g. Mushrooms)

Question 3

What is Rhizopus?

Answer 3

Bread mold

Question 4

Is Rhizopus a saprophyte or parasite?

Answer 4

Saprophyte of bread and vegetable peelings

Question 5

Types of Hyphae in Rhizopus.

Answer 5

Rhizoids- Anchorage
Stolon - Releases enzymes onto substrate and breaks it down. Digested nutrients then absorbed into stolon.
Sporangiophore - Grows upwards to allow spores to be carried by air.

Question 6

What is Rhizopus Asexual Reproduction called?

Answer 6

Sporulation

Question 7

Asexual Reproduction in Rhizopus, explain.

Answer 7

1) 2 separate strains (+ & -)
2) + & - get closer
3) Swelling forms a progamentagium where nuclei from (+ & -) move into.
4) Walls break down. (+) fuses with (-) forms a diploid zygote.
5) Zygote forms a zygospore around it which allows it to withstand unfavorable conditions
6) Zygospore germinates by meiosis to form a haploid hyphae. Hyphae grows upwards to swells, forming sporangium containing spores. Sporangium bursts releasing spores which produce new hyphae.

Question 8

Characteristic of yeast?

Answer 8

Single celled

Question 9

Structure of Yeast Cell

Answer 9

Oval shaped, Vacuole, storage granule

Question 10

Name of Yeast Asexual Reproduction

Answer 10

Budding

Question 11

Edible fungi

Answer 11

Field Mushrooms - Grow above ground

Truffles- Found under ground

Question 12

Poisonous Fungi

Answer 12

Death Cap Fungus - Can cause Death

Fly Agaric Mushroom (Magic Mushroom) - Hallucinations

Question 13

Beneficial Fungi

Answer 13

Yeast (Brewing
Baking (makes dough rise)
Source of food (mushrooms)

Question 14

Harmful Fungi

Answer 14

Crop diseases (Blight)
Food spoilage (Rhizopus)
Trichophyton- Athletes foot and ringworm

Question 15

Experiment

Answer 15

Attach surface of leaf to lid of petri dishing containing nutrient agar. Colonies of yeast form on agar.

Question 16

Sterility and Aseptic Techniques

Answer 16

• Disinfect benches before and after experiments
• Sterilize equipment before and after
• Flaming needles before and after use
• Open and close container for shortest possible time and distance.

Question 17

What does Sterile mean?

Answer 17

All-microorganisms are destroyed and killed

Question 18

What does Aseptic mean?

Answer 18

Measures are taken to exclude micro-organisms from environment. (Creates a germ free environment with sterilization)