Lab 8

Question 1

Name the bones and their structure in the human arm.

Answer 1

Starting from the shoulder is the humerus, connected to the radius and ulna. The ulna is on the pinky side and the radius is on the thumb side. The small bones that make up the wrist are carpels. The hand bones are metacarpals. The fingers are phalanges.

Question 2

Name the parts of the heart and the direction of blood flow.

Answer 2

(1) Oxygen-poor blood from the veins is received through the superior (top) and inferior (bottom) vena cavas into the right atrium
(2) flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
(3) through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs
(4) oxygen-rich blood from the longs flows through pulmonary veins into the left atrium
(5) through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
(6) through the aortic valve and aorta to the rest of the body

Question 3

Pisaster and Perca are _____yotic, ______trophic, and ______cellular.

Answer 3

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and multicellular

Question 4

The Domain, Kingdom, and subkingdom of Pisaster and Perca are…

Answer 4

Eukarya Animalia Metazoa

Question 5

What is the phylum and common name of pisaster?

Answer 5

Echinodermata; Starfish/Sea star

Question 6

What is the symmetry, body plan and digestive system of Pisaster?

Answer 6

Pentaradial, triploblastic coelomate, tubular (complete)

Question 7

True or false? Starfish are carnivorous.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What type of skeleton does Pisaster have?

Answer 8

Endoskeleton of calcareous dermal plates/spines

Question 9

How is pisaster motile?

Answer 9

Water vascular system with tube feet

Question 10

What are five adaptations of pisaster?

Answer 10

(1) water vascular system
(2) madreporite (pressure valve)
(3) pedicellariae (cleaning pincher)
(4) 2 stomachs (chemical and physical digestion)
(5) eye spots

Question 11

What are four friends of Pisaster?

Answer 11

urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, brittle stars

Question 12

Describe the bodily structure of Pisaster.

Question 13

How does Pisaster ingest food?

Answer 13

Prey is engulfed by extruding the cardiac stomach

Question 14

What body part does Pisaster use to complete gas exchange?

Answer 14

tube feet

Question 15

What is the phylum and common name of Perca?

Answer 15

Chordata; perch

Question 16

What is the symmetry, body plan, and type of digestive system of Perca?

Answer 16

bilateral; triploblastic coelomate; tubular

Question 17

What type of skeleton does Perca have?

Answer 17

endoskeleton of cartilage and bone

Question 18

What are seven adaptations of Perca?

Answer 18

(1) streamlined body
(2) protective scales
(3) mucus coating
(4) advanced cephalisation (senses)
(5) lateral line system (detects movement and pressure change of water)
(6) fins
(7) modified gills

Question 19

Describe the outer structure of Perca.

Answer 19

Fins: the dorsal fin is along the top, the pelvic fin is on the ventral side and central. The anal fin is ventral and posterior. The pectoral fins are on the side and the caudal fin is the tail.
The lateral line runs along the side of the fish
The operculum covers the gills
Note: don’t forget to label the scales!

Question 20

Describe the structure of gills.

Answer 20

The gill arch provides the support to hold a number of comb-like structures called gill filaments. Gill filaments extend out horizontally from the gill arches. Gill rakers are bony or cartilaginous processes that project from the gill arch that protect the gills, prevent the escape of the prey and assist in swallowing.