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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (3) Trauma > Bleeding > Flashcards

Bleeding Flashcards

Learn how bleeding occurs and the proper treatments to stop it

1
Q

What is Blood composed of?

A
  • Plasma 55%
  • RBC 45%
  • WBC and Platelets 1%
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2
Q

What is the purpose of Plasma?

A

Carries nutrients, minerals, and chemicals throughout the body

  • Plasma is the carrier for blood
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3
Q

What is the purpose of Platelets?

A
  • Make clots
  • Stop bleeding
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4
Q

What is the purpose of Red Blood Cells (RBC)?

A

Carry oxygen throughout the body through hemoglobin (Hgb)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of Hemoglobin?

A

Carry oxygen molecules throughout the body

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6
Q

Define

Perfusion

A

circulation of blood to meet an organ/tissues oxygen demand

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7
Q

How much blood volume is in the body?

A
  • Males: 70ml/kg
  • Females: 65ml/kg
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8
Q

What is the Oxyhemoglobin Diassociation Curve?

A

See Picture

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9
Q

Fill in the Blank

Clotting proteins are produced by the _____

A

Liver

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10
Q

Describe

Arterial Injury Physiology

Hint: How does the blood flow

A

Spurt initially, but begin to flow after pressure drops

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11
Q

How much possible internal bleeding can occur with Femur Fractures?

A

1 Liter

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12
Q

What Medications interfere with clotting abilities?

A
  • Aspirin
  • Beta blockers
  • Blood thinners
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13
Q

What is the process in which platelets aggregate at an injured site in order to stop bleeding?

A

Hemostasis

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14
Q

What is the condition in which a person lacks appropriate clotting factors?

A

Hemophilia

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15
Q

Name the 3 classes of Hemorrhagic Shock

A
  • Compensated
  • Decompensated
  • Irreversible
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16
Q

List

Vitals and Blood Loss from Compensated Shock

(Class I and II)

A
  • Blood Loss: 750-1500ml
  • HR: <100 or >100
  • Blood Pressure: Normal
  • Respiratory Rate: 14-30
  • CNS: Slightly to Midly Anxious
  • Skin: Cool, Pale or Pink
  • Fluid Replacement: Crystalloid
17
Q

List

Vitals and Blood Loss from Decompensated Shock

(Class III)

A

Blood Loss: 1,500-2,000ml

HR: 30-40

  • Blood Pressure: Low
  • Respiratory Rate: 30-40
  • CNS: Anxious and/or confused
  • Skin: Cold, pale, moist
  • Fluid Replacement: Crystalloid and Blood
18
Q

List

Vitals and Blood Loss from Irreversible Shock

(Class IV)

A
  • Blood Loss: >2,000ml
  • HR: >140
  • Blood Pressure: Really Low
  • Respiratory Rate: >35
  • CNS: Confused and Lethargic
  • Skin: Cold, Cyanotic
  • Fluid Replacement: Crystalloid and Blood
19
Q

What is vomited blood called?

A

Hematemesis

20
Q

What is coughed-up blood called that is typically bright red?

A

Hemoptysis

21
Q

What is

Black, tarry stool, that is composed of digested blood?

A

Melena

indicates lower GI bleed

22
Q

Fill in the Blank

Blood in the urine is called _____

A

Hematuria

23
Q

Fill in the Blank

Hematachezia is the passage of ____ ____ blood

A

Bright Red

Typically indicates hemorrhoids in the lower GI

24
Q

What is the Sign?

Internal bleeding with referred Left Shoulder Pain

A

Kehr’s Sign

Injured or ruptured spleen

25
Q

How do you manage external hemorrhage?

A
  1. Apply direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.
  2. Apply a pressure dressing
  3. Not controlled, apply a tourniquet
26
Q

What do you apply to a wound that is oozing blood?

A
  • Direct pressure
  • Pressure dressing
27
Q

What do you apply for a wound that is spurting bright red blood uncontrollably?

A

Tourniquet

28
Q

List the DO’s and DO NOT’s for applying a tourniquet

A

DO NOT

  • Apply over a joint
  • Use wire, rope, or belt
  • Cover a TQ with a bandage

DO

  • Use a commercial TQ or the widest bandage possible
  • Apply the windlass until distal pulse is absent
  • Write time of application on TQ
  • Leave 2 finger distance from joint
29
Q

How do you stop internal bleeding from a pelvic fracture?

A

Pelvic Binder/Splint

30
Q

How do splints help to decrease bleeding?

A

Stabilizing movement of broken bones in the cavity

broken bones lacerate surrounding tissues and further an injury

31
Q

When packing a wound, what type of packing should you utilize?

A

Hemostatic Agent

32
Q

In order

What are the steps to a Primary Assessment?

A
  • H- Hemorrhage
  • A- Airway
  • B- Breathing
  • C- Circulation
  • D- Disability
  • E- Environment

If there is obvious bleeding, find it and fix it

EMT-P (3) Trauma (10 decks)

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