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Science 30 > acid-base chemistry > Flashcards

acid-base chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is a molecular compound composed of?

A

2 non-metals

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2
Q

what type of compound do we use prefixes with?

A

molecular

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3
Q

what are the properties of molecular compounds?

A
  • low melting/boiling points
  • can be solid, liquids or gas at SATP
  • do not conduct electricity
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4
Q

what are ionic compounds composed of?

A

a metal and a non-metal

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5
Q

how do we name ionic compounds?

A

name the first element normally and add -ide to the second

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6
Q

what is a multivalent metal?

A

a metal that has more than one possible charge

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7
Q

what are the properties of ionic compounds?

A
  • high melting/boiling points
  • solid at SATP
  • brittle
  • conduct electricity when dissolved in water
  • do not conduct electricity when solid
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8
Q

how can you identify an acid?

A

either hydrogen (H) is the first element in the compound or when the compound contains COOH and it will turn blue litmus paper red

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9
Q

how can you identify a base?

A

it will have a hydroxide (OH) and will turn red litmus paper blue

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10
Q

what is a strong base?

A

a metal hydroxide (MOH’s)

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11
Q

what are strong acids?

A

the first three acids in the chart

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12
Q

do acids conduct electricity?

A

yes

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13
Q

do bases conduct electricity?

A

yes

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14
Q

what are neutral ionic solutions?

A

ionic compounds that do not form hydronium or hydroxide ions

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15
Q

for what kind of solution do you use the solubility chart?

A

neutral ionic solutions

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16
Q

what does high solubility mean?

A

high conductivity

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17
Q

what does low solubility mean?

A

low conductivity

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18
Q

what are polar molecular solutions?

A

solutions that dissolve in water but do not conduct electricity or change litmus paper

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19
Q

what are non-polar molecular solutions?

A

solutions that will not dissolve in water, they will remain in their original states

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20
Q

how do weak acids react?

A

they react less than 50%

21
Q

how do strong acids react?

A

they react 100% (completely soluble)

22
Q

how do strong bases react?

A

they react 100% (completely soluble)

23
Q

what is an acid in the theory of acids and bases?

A

the electron donor

24
Q

what is a base in the theory of acids and bases?

A

a electron acceptor

25
Q

what is a conjugate acid?

A

the acid that a base forms in a dissociation reaction

26
Q

what is a conjugate base?

A

the base that an acid forms in a dissociation reaction

27
Q

what will an acid-base reaction ALWAYS result in?

A

a electron transfer from the strongest acid to the strongest base

28
Q

what is the pH of a weak acid?

A

4-6

29
Q

what is the pH of a strong acid?

A

1-2

30
Q

how does a weak acid react with Mg?

A

weak reaction –> few bubbles

31
Q

how does a strong acid react with Mg?

A

strong reaction –> many bubbles

32
Q

what is pH?

A

a value the represents the concentration of hydronium in a solution

33
Q

what is an acid-base indicator?

A

a substance that reflects a different color depending on the pH of the solution

34
Q

what is qualitative analysis?

A

using empirical properties of a substance to identify it

35
Q

what are the 3 empirical qualities?

A
  1. solubility
  2. conductivity
  3. acid or base
36
Q

what is the pH of an acid?

A

less than 7

37
Q

what is the pH of a base?

A

higher than 7

38
Q

what are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)

39
Q

what is an emission?

A

the production or discharge of something into the atmosphere or surface water

40
Q

when does incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons occur?

A

when the amount of oxygen present is limiting

41
Q

what are the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (C) (aka. soot)

42
Q

what is carbon dioxide the cause of?

A

global warming/climate change

43
Q

what is soot also known as?

A

particulate matter

44
Q

what is particulate matter?

A

a carcinogen

45
Q

what is sour gas?

A

natural gas that contains more than 1% of hydrogen sulfide

46
Q

what is the process of removing hydrogen sulphide from sour gas called?

A

scrubbing

47
Q

what are SOx emissions?

A

sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide emissions

48
Q

what are SOx emissions known for?

A

acid deposition and acid rain

49
Q

what are NOx emissions known for?

A

smog when mixed with volatile organic compounds (VOC’s)

Science 30 (5 decks)

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