W12 Cultures Flashcards
pathogen threat
views on happiness differ with levels of pathogen threat present
high level: less trusting, less social interaction, reinforced to de-value happiness associated with exploration/contact with strangers, and vice versa for low level
ideal positive affect
favourable/optimal level of positive emotions felt in a country
socially engaged emotions
feelings of friendliness and closeness to others
socially disengaged emotions
pride, feeling of superiority or distance
dialectical beliefs
belief that two contradicting ideas can co-exist/co-occur
self-concept consistency
having a clear, unchanging idea of self
objective vs subjective social status
objective = observed signs of social standing such as education subjective = own interpretation/judgement on what is considered a social standard that the self has achieved
social sensitivity
concern about social image
contingency of self-worth
Certain events will shape one’s self-esteem when the individual bases their self-worth on the outcome of those events
resource scarcity
being somewhat complacent and optimistic about one’s surroundings when the environment is safe and resources are in abundance
culture-person matching hypothesis
idea that other things equal, when one’s characteristics such as personality, values etc. are in line with the dominant characteristics of the residing culture
universalism
proposes that there is a global objective standard for basic domains independent of culture - for learning, reasoning, cognition, emotions etc.
social constructivist
proposes that knowledge is first created and learnt within a societal context and adopted by individuals
display rules
rules about what emotions are appropriate to show given a societal context
independent vs interdependent self
cultural modes of self (salience, consistency, relationship with others)
