108-116 Flashcards
(215 cards)
0
Q
Synonym for antibody
A
Immunoglobulin
1
Q
It is the decrease in body temperature
A
Hypothermia
2
Q
The fluid obtained from a cyst of a dog tapeworm which can be a source of P1 substance and therefore can be used to neutralize anti-P1….
A
Hydatid cyst
3
Q
Refers to random behavior of genes on separate chromosome inherited separately from each other.
A
Independent assortment
4
Q
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response.
A
Immunogen
5
Q
Immunologic rxn induced ff a second exposure to an antigen
A
Secondary immune response
6
Q
The in vitro rxn in which under certain condition of time and temp allow antigen-antibody complex to occur
A
Incubation
7
Q
The gamma or electron treatment of a cellular blood product to prevent transfusion associated graft-vs-host disease (TA-GVHD)
A
Irradiation
8
Q
A non-penetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells against damage
A
HES (hydroxyethyl starch)
9
Q
Immunodominant sugar for B antigen specificity
A
D-galactose
10
Q
While the fetus is in the uterus
A
In utero
11
Q
Number of charged particles in a sol’n
A
Ionic strength
12
Q
Other term for Secondary Immune response
A
Anamnestic response
13
Q
Immunodominant sugar for H antigen specificity
A
L-fucose
14
Q
A rare dominant gene that inhibits the production of all Lutheran antigens.
A
In Lu
15
Q
The presence of agglutination or hemolysis in compatibility testing
A
Incompatible
16
Q
Immunologic rxn induced by initial exposure to the antigens
A
Primary immune response
17
Q
Study of blood-related antigens and antibodies
A
Immunohematology
18
Q
Refers to the passing of one gene from each parent to the offspring
A
Independent segregation
19
Q
Immunodominant sugar for A antigen specificity
A
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
20
Q
In reference to glycolipid antigens and glycoprotein, it is the sugar molecule that gives the antigen its specificity or identifies it uniquely.
A
Immunodominant sugar
21
Q
Ability of an antigen to stimulate an antibody response
A
Immunogenicity
22
Q
Transfusion administered to a fetus while still in the uterus
A
Intrauterine transfusion
23
Q
A rxn of the body to respond and recognize foreign substances
A
Immune response
24
A condition due to an increase in unconjugated bilirubin
Kernicterus
25
States that the ABO antibodies are present in plasma/serum when the corresponding ABO blood antigens are not present on the erythrocytes.
Landsteiner law
26
Liley graph, mild or no disease
Zone I
27
A condition of abnormal presence of high molecular weight immunoglobulins
Macroglobulinemia
28
A trait that appears when the gene that has been inherited can be found in each generation occurs with equal frequency in males and females
Autosomal dominant
29
Combination of antibody and a multivalent sntigen to form cross links and result in a visible agglutination rxn
Lattice formation
30
Enumerate: autosomal recessive inherited chorva
Rh negative (dd), Lu (a-b-), Bombay phenotype
31
Replacement of one or more blood volumes within 24 hour interval
Massive transfusion
32
Agglutinate red cells with N antigen
Vicia graminea (anti-N)
33
Agglutinate red cells with Tn antigen
Salvia sclaera (anti-Tn)
34
Moderate disease (Liley graph)
Zone II
35
Traits transmitted to all daughters of affected father but not to sons
Sex-linked Dominant
36
Ex of inherited sex-linked recessive
Hemophilia A
37
Test performed on maternal blood specimen to detect fetal maternal hemorrhage
Kleihauer-Betke acid elution test
38
A graph used to predict severity of HDN during pregnancy by evaluation of the amniotic fluid
Liley graph
39
Agglutinate red cells with A1 antigen
Dolichos biflorus (anti-A1)
40
Severe and life threatening hemolysis (liley graph)
Zone III
41
Common drug used in the treatment of hypertension; frequently the cause of positive DAT
Methyl Dopa (Aldomet)
42
Traits,manifested by people who are homozygous for the alleles.
Autosomal Recessive
43
Ex of inherited autosomal dominant
Most blood group system
44
Agglutinate red cells with H antigen
Ulex europaeus (anti-H)
45
Location of a gene on a chromosome
Locus
46
Types of inheritance patterns
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
Sex-linked Dominant
Sex-linked Recessive
47
Agglutinate red cells with T antigen
Arachis hypogea (anti-T)
48
Condition characterized by a yellow appearance of the skin, sclera of the eyes and body secretions caused by increased bilirubin levels
Jaundice
49
Manner by which a gene is passed from one generation to another
Mode of Inheritance
50
Trait appears much more frequently in males than in females due to inheritance from carrier mothers
Sex-linked Recessive
51
Ex of inherited sex-linked dominant
Xg^a blood group
52
Type of agglutination pattern where a population of the red cells has agglutinated and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated
Mixed Field Agglutination
53
Condition due to an increase in unconjugated bilirubin
Kernicterus
54
Relating to birth
Natal
55
Another term for neutralization
Agglutination-inhibition
56
d antigen with complete subpart
Rh ABCD-D
57
Refers to a newborn infant up to 4 months of age
Neonate
58
Du variant
Mosaic
59
Basic building blocks of DNA which is comprised of a phosphate group, a sugar group and a base
Nucleotide
60
Principle involved in saliva testing
Neutralization
61
Term for woman having borne more than one child
Multiparous
62
Fusion of a malignant and normal cell that produces large quantities of monoclonal antibodies
Murine Hydbrinoma
63
D antigen with missing C-subpart
Rh ABcD-D
64
Group of sugars found on the red cell membrane attached to a protein backbone
NANA (Sialic acid)
65
Antigen composed of several units or subpart such as the Rho(D) antigen
Mosaic (Du variant)
66
After birth
Postnatal
67
D antigen with missing A-subpart
Rh aBCD-D
68
Major source of the membrane's net negative charge
NANA (Sialic acid)
69
Before birth
Prenatal
70
D antigen with missing B-subpart
Rh AbCD-D
71
Malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow characterized by abnormal proteins in the plasma and the urine
Multiple Myeloma
72
Refers to the absence of agglutination due to the inability of an antibody to react with red cell antigen bec of previously bound soluble substance
Neutralization
73
D antigen with missing D-subpart
Rh ABCd-D
74
Enzyme that cleaves sialic acid from the red cell membrane
Neuraminidase
75
An individual who fails to express any antigens on the red cells
Null Phenotype
76
Refers to the detectable characteristics of genes
Phenotype
77
Types/Classifications/Kinds of Plasma volume expander
Plasma derived volume expander
| Synthetic volume expander
78
Refers to a woman who had at least one pregnancy
Primiparous
79
IgG warm reacting antibody
37 oC
80
Refers to the chance that the alleged father is the biological father
Paternity index
81
(2) plasma derived volume expander
NSA (normal serum albumin)
| PPF (plasma protein fraction)
82
A D antigen that is missing part of its typical antigenic structure
Partial D
83
Required temperature in oC by which the antibody is most reactive
Optimum temp
84
Products transfused in patients suffering from hypovolemia(decrease plasma volume) or indicate among burn and shock patients
Plasma Volume Expander
85
Plasma prepared from a whole blood subjected to heavy spin which allow sedimentation of platelets thus leaving a plasma almost free of platelets
Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP)
86
Diagrammatic chart used for illustrating the inheritance patterns of traits in a family study
Pedigree chart
87
(2) synthetic volume expander
Crystalloids
| Colloids
88
Enumerate ex of crystalloids
Ringer's Lactate (Na, K, Cl, Ca,lactate ions)
| Normal Saline Solution (0.85-0.9% NaCl)
89
NSA
96% albumin + 4% globulin
90
Group O reagent red blood cells that are used for antibody identification
Panel cell
91
The initial treatment of elevated bilirubin using lights.
Phototherapy
92
PPF
83% albumin + 17% globulin
93
Plasma prepared from a whole blood subjected to soft spin which allows slow sedimentation of platelets thus leaving a plasma that contains high number of platelets
PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma)
94
A type of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which a biphasic IgG antibody can be demonstrated with anti-P specificity
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
95
The spontaneous clumping of rbc against a given serum
Panagglutination
96
Refers to the fibrinogen containing liquid portion of anticoagulated blood
Plasma
97
The extra blood sample collected during whole blood donation from a donor which is intended for serological test
Pilot tube
98
A chemical compound formed by a small number of simple carbohydrate molecules
Oligosaccharide Chain
99
Can be used as a specimen for backward typing to detect antibodies however might present problem because it can bring about rouleaux formation
Plasma
100
Useful in the identification of antibodies in the Kidd blood group system
Polybyrene
101
Refers to a 2 x 2 grid used for gene combination in genetics
Punnett square
102
Term referring to after child birth
Post partum
103
Refers to a person who benefits and receives blood transfusion
Recipient
104
The close monitoring of laboratory operations to allow maximum reliability of test result
Quality Control
105
The blood group system showing several allelic forms therefore rendering more than one alternative phenotype
Polymorphism
106
Inability of the patient to respond favorably after platelet transfusion thus the desired increment in platelet is not achieved
Platelet refractoriness
107
Has lower ionic strength that increases the rate of antibody association.
LISS (Low Ionic Strength Saline solution)
108
Required potency in anti-A and anti-B
1:256
109
The spontaneous agglutination of red cells by most normal adult sera regardless of blood type
Polyagglutination
110
Enhances the antigen-antibody rxn by concentrating antibody in the mixture through removal of water
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
111
Refers to the required speed in a given time to sediment particles from a fluid mixture
Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF)
112
A positively charge polymer that reduces zeta potential by neutralizing the negative charge in red cell
Polybyrene
113
A system of procedures that ensures a laboratory to operate with the most minimal errors
Quality Assurance
114
Incubation may be shortened to 5-15mins if this medium is used
LISS (Low Ionic Strength Saline solution)
115
LISS
0.2 % NaCl in glycine
116
The relative strength of an antibody present in a given antiserum usually expressed in titer
Potency
117
Any substance that enhances antigen-antibody interaction from a given cell-serum mixture which may be used to detect low-titered antibodies in routine testing
Potentiator
118
Term referring to after transfusion
Post transfusion
119
RCF formula
RCF= 1.118 x 10^5 x radius x (rpm)^2
120
Enumerate potentiators.
LISS (Low Ionic Strength Saline solution)
Polybyrene
Polyethylene Glycol
121
Procedure that happens intravascularly
In Vivo sensitization
122
An inherited characteristic showing decreased expression of Rh antigens
Rhmod
123
Explain Rh Immune Globulin (RhIg) protection coverage.
Each vial of 300ug protects against 30ml fetal whole blood or 15ml packed cells
124
Respiratory Distress Syndrome is formerly known as...
Hyaline Membrane Disease
125
The group "O" cells with complete profile of antigens used in antibody detection
Screening Cells
126
Samples collected after actual blood transfusion
Post Transfusion sampling
127
A person who doesn't inherit the Se gene (sese) and is incapable of producing ABH substances in secretions
Non Secretor
128
A phenotype of a person who suffers from anemia and whose red cells do not express any Rh antigens
Rhnull
129
A disease of unknown cause most frequently seen among premature infants characterized primarily by acute difficulty in breathing
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
130
Used to determine fetomaternal hemorrhage based on the ability of fetal cells to aggregate aroung indicator cells (0.2 - 0.5% O-cell suspension, R2R2 rbc)
Rosette test
131
A person who acquired the Se gene either homozygously (SeSe) or heterozygously (Sese) and is capable of producing ABH substances in secretions.
Secretor
132
Additional blood bag attached to the primary bag generally intended for component preparation
Satellite bags
133
A procedure done in a tube
In Vitro sensitization
134
A group of red cells whose appearance resembles stack of coins associated with the used of plasma extenders or presence of abnormal plasma proteins
Rouleaux Formation
135
A process of allowing interaction or attachment of an incomplete antibody to red cell antigen but no subsequent agglutination rxn seen
Sensitization
136
Samples collected prior to actual blood transfusion
Pre Transfusion sampling
137
An inherited characteristic showing decreased expression of Rh antigens
Rhmod
138
Method of getting a sample to an individual
Sampling
139
The concentrated and purified anti-D given as a prophylactic or preventive treatment to Rh(-) person who is exposed to D-antigen either through pregnancy or blood transfusion.
Rh Immune Globulin (RhIg)
140
2 major categories of persons in Saliva testing
Secretor
| Non Secretor
141
Procedure used to determine blood group soluble substances
Saliva testing
142
A systemic disease caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the body
Septicemia
143
Brief loss of consciousness related to fainting
Syncope
144
This test is useful in establishing real blood group if the expression is so weak to be detected by routine cell typing
Saliva testing
145
Achieved by dropping 2 drops serum to 1 drop 5% red cell suspension
40: 1 serum to cell ratio
146
Also called as therapeutic apheresis
Therapeutic Phlebotomy
147
Ex of thiol rgt
DTT: dithiotreitol
| 2-ME: 2-mercaptoethanol
148
Antigens within the ABO group that are weakly expressed thus react less strongly with their corresponding antibody subgroup
Subgroup
149
Anticoag with 35 days shelf-life
CPDA-1
150
The biochemical changes happening on blood upon in vitro storage
Storage lesion
151
Other term for surface of shear
Slipping plane
152
A severe physiologic rxn to trauma characterized by pallor, cyanosis, weak rapid pulse, drop on blood which often leads in unconsciousness
Shock
153
Achieved by dropping 4 drops serum to 1 drop 3% red cell suspension
133:1 serum to cell ratio
154
Often leads to ABO discrepancy
Subgroup
155
Useful in differentiating IgM from IgG antibodies
Thiol reagent
156
A chemical preservative used in commercial typing sera to prevent bacterial contamination
Sodium Azide (0.1%)
157
Anticoags with 21 days shelf life
ACD, CPD, CP2D
158
Refers to the boundary of the ionic cloud surrounding RBC in saline at which zeta potentialis measured
Surface of shear (slipping plane)
159
The characteristic of an antibody to react with cell expressing the corresponding antigen only
Specificity
160
Refers to the length of time when blood can still be used before it expires, and is usually related to the type of anticoagulant used
Shelf life
161
The yellowish liquid portion of blood after clotting or centrifugation which can also be used as a source of antibody
Serum
162
It refers to removal of blood components for treatment purposes
Therapeutic Phlebotomy
163
Refers to the required drops of serum to mix with certain drops of red cell suspension to achieve greater reactivity
Serum to Cell Ratio
164
A reagent that can be used to disperse agglutination caused by cold reactive IgM autoantibodies
Thiol reagent
165
A set of guidelines developed to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious reagents
Universal precaution
166
Enumerate: warfarin shiz
Coumadin
Panwarfin
Sofarin
167
Classifications of Weak D
Acquired D^u
Hereditary D^u
D^u variant/Mosaic
168
A batch test that includes ABO,Rh, and antibody screening test
Type and Screen (T/S)
169
Used in infants with erythroblastosis fetalis
Exchange transfusion
170
Refers to type AB and type O indiv who are considered popularly as universal recipient and donor respectively
Universality concept
171
Ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion
Viability
172
Debunk WARFARIN acronym
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation + (Coum) ARIN
173
The transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from a homologous donor
Indirect transfusion
174
Weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect globulin test
Weak D (D^u)
175
Plasma dyscrasia characterized by excessive production of gamma M globulin
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
176
An inherited characteristic based from gene action
Trait
177
The administration of blood or its component intravenously
Transfusion
178
A colorless crystalline compound widely used as an anticlotting drug
Warfarin
179
Blood transfusion to fetus in utero
Intrauterine transfusion
180
Refers to successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifugation and decantation; preferably done 3x
Washing
181
Refers to withdrawal of small volume of blood and subsequent replacement with compatible blood
Exchange transfusion
182
Vascular skin rxn commonly signaling allergic rxn
Urticaria (hives)
183
Anticoagulant drug that inhibits synthesis of vit K dependent factors ( II, VII, IX, X)
Warfarin
184
Transfer of blood directly from one person to another
Direct transfusion
185
Vitamin K dependent factors
II, VII, IX, X
186
Grades of Weak D
High grade
| Low grade
187
Blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient
Autologous transfusion
188
Zone of maximum or greatest rxn
Equivalence zone
189
Requires AHG for detection
Low grade
190
Blood group whose genes are located int he X-chromosome; Xg^a antigen is seen in greatest frequency among females than males
Xg blood group
191
Widely used in preparation of red cell suspension
Washing
192
A soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies
Witebsky substances
193
Enumerate types of transfusion
```
Autologous
Direct
Indirect
Exchange
Intrauterine
```
194
The thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acidthat make up the matrix of the umbilical cord
Wharton's jelly
195
Does not require AHG for detection
High grade
196
Period of time when the disease is present but tested serologically negative
Window period
197
Zone of antibody excess (happens if more serum is added)
Prozone
198
A mixture of 0.1 M DTT + 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocytes showing a positive DAT reaction
ZZAP
199
If reduced, red cells tend to become closer to each other and therefore easier to agglutinate
Zeta potential
200
Zone of antigen excess (happens if red cell suspension is too heavy)
Post zone
201
The net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear
Zeta potential
202
Reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from the cell-serum mixture
Zonal reaction
203
Presence of prozone or post zone leads to ...
False negative result
204
3 zonal reactions
Prozone
Post zone
Equivalence zone
205
A seed extract capable of agglutinating red cells carrying the corresponding antigen
Lectin
206
IgM cold reactive antibody
1-6 oC/ 20-24oC (cold temp or room temp)
207
Agglutinate red cells with M antigen
Iberis amara (anti-M)
208
Enumerate lectins
```
Dolichos biflorus (anti-A)
Ulex europaeus (anti-H)
Iberis amara (anti-M)
Vicia graminea (anti-N)
Arachis hypogea (anti-T)
Salvia sclaera (anti-Tn)
```
209
The reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible rxn
Titer
211
Synonym for antigens in the Rh blood group system
Rh factor
212
Examples of Colloids
Dextran (6% - 10%)
| HES (hydroxyethyl starch)
213
Sabog na ba?
Kaya yan. :D
214
Synonym for antigens in the Rh blood group system
Rh factor
215
Example of Colloids
Dextran (6%-10%)
| HES (hydroxyethyl starch)
