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German 401/402 > Kapitel 10 > Flashcards

Kapitel 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Genitive Prepositions

A 
(an)statt- instead of
außerhalb- outside of
innerhalb- inside of
trotz- in spite of, despite
während- during
wegen- on account of, because of
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2
Q

Adjective Endings for Genitive

A

Always -en!

Ex: Ein ehrliche Gastronomie deR kleinEN Familienbetriebe. (An honest catering trade of small family businesses)

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3
Q

Genitive articles and endings

A

Masc: des/eines + (e)s/(e)n ending
Neuter: des/eines + s/es ending
Fem: der/einer
Plural: der/einer

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4
Q

Genitive used when:

A
  1. Want to show ownership.
  2. Would say “of” in English.
  3. Indefinite time phrases (Like eines Abends for one evening)
  4. Answering the question whose?
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5
Q

Whose (question)

A

Wessen

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6
Q

Whose (relative pronoun, masc/neuter)

A

Dessen

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7
Q

Whose (relative pronoun, fem/pl.)

A

Deren

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8
Q

Genitive masculine and neuter endings

A
  • Most with one syllable add -es (eines Tages, des Buches)
  • More than one add -s (des Königs, meines Professors)
  • Endings in -s, -ss, -ß, -tsch, -tz, -x, -z, -zt add -es
  • Words that would add -en in the accusative add -en in genitiive for both singular and plural! (der Student–> des Studenten, der Studenten)
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9
Q

Proper names genitive rules

A
  • To the end of names of people or countries add -s.
  • If name ends in -s or -z, add an apostrophe.
    Ex: Roberts, Hans’
  • If we have added information, use the case:
    Ex: Meines Freundes Robert (my friends Robert’s)
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10
Q

Way other than genitive to express ownership?

A

von + dative!

Typically replaces genitive case in spoken German.

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11
Q

Preterite endings (schwache Verben)

A 
ich -te
du -test
er/sie/es -te
wir -ten
ihr -tet
Sie/sie -ten

*Endings with -t, -d, -fn, -gn, -chn, -kn add an extra -e before the ending!

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12
Q

Preterite endings (starke Verben)

A 
Often have a vowel change and sometimes mimic english irregular verbs. 
- No endings in ich/er/sie/es, but add for the rest!
Ex: Sehen
ich sah
du sahst
er/sie/es sah
wir sahen
ihr saht
Sie/sie sahen
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13
Q

preterite conjugation of sein

A 
ich war
du warst
er/sie/es war
wir waren
ihr wart
Sie/sie waren
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14
Q

preterite conjugation of haben

A 
ich hatte
du hattest
er/sie/es hatte
wir hatten
ihr hattet
Sie/sie hatten
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15
Q

preterite of modal verbs

A
  • Like regular verbs, but drop the umlaut!
  • g in Mögen to ch.
dürfen--> durfte
können--> konnte
mögen--> mochte
müssen--> musste
sollen--> sollte
wollen--> wollte
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16
Q

preterite endings (gemischte Verben)

A
  • Have the -te ending of regular verbs AND a vowel change.
  • nk and ng change to ch in preterite (denken–> dachte)
  • Often stem change from e–> a or i–>a (like bringen–> brachte, or nennen–>nannte)
17
Q

narrative past wissen

A

wusste

18
Q

narrative past werden

A

wurde (d instead of t)

19
Q

Plusquamperfekt construction

A
  • preterite of haben or sein + past participle.
  • Often used with “Nachdem” (after) which leads to a subordinate clause often causing two conjugated verbs in sequence.
    Ex: Nachdem Aschenputtels Vater ihr den Haselzweig gebracht hatte, pflanzte sie ihn auf dem Grab ihrer Mutter.
20
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of sehen

A

sah

21
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of sein

A

war

22
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of gehen

A

ging

23
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of treffen

A

traf

24
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of springen

A

sprang

25
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of sitzen

A

saß

26
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of laufen

A

lief

27
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of schwimmen

A

schwamm

28
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of essen

A

aß

29
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of fahren

A

fuhr

30
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of lesen

A

las

31
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of kommen

A

kam

32
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of sprechen

A

sprach

33
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of ziehen

A

zog

34
Q

er/sie/es/ich preterite of wissen

A

wusste

German 401/402 (10 decks)

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