Unit-2

Question 1

Activity

Answer 1

A task or event in a construction schedule.

Question 2

Analysis software

Answer 2

Applications developed for the purpose of conducting complete engineering analyses (e.g., RISA-3D, RAM, STAAD.Pro and ETABS)

Question 3

Authoring software:

Answer 3

Applications developed to enable the production of coordinated construction drawings (e.g., Autodesk Revit Architecture, Bentley Architecture and ArchiCAD).

Question 4

Bi-directional link:

Answer 4

A two-way communication relationship between software applications, where a change executed in one application can be communicated to the other application (e.g., making a change to the schedule in the 4D software is reflected in the scheduling software).

Question 5

BIM Execution Plan

Answer 5

A document jointly created by representatives of the design team and the construction team that specifies the use of BIM, modeling conventions, model handoffs, and model exchanges between the design team and the construction document. The BIM Execution Plan is called for in the ConsensusDocs Building Information Modeling Addendum and can be used in conjunction with the BIM Addendum or as an independent document.

Question 6

Building Information Model

Answer 6

An electronic, virtual representation of a facility, which, in many cases, comprises a 3D representation of the facility.

Question 7

Building Information Modeling (BIM):

Answer 7

The process used for design or integration of design that uses 3D modeling and may also incorporate 4D scheduling, 5D quantity takeoff and estimating capabilities and XD analyses. Once objects are placed within the model in a single view (such as, a floor plan, elevation or schedule), they are automatically generated in all views; if an element is changed in one view, that change parametrically translates through all floor plans, elevations, details and schedules that reference the same element.

Question 8

Class of software:

Answer 8

A distinction between software applications related to their primary function. In this course, class refers to a general function (e.g., authoring, analysis, shop drawing or collaboration).

Question 9

Collaboration:

Answer 9

The process of working together, especially in a joint intellectual effort.

Question 10

Coordination and coordination software:

Answer 10

Applications developed to host and/ or merge authoring and detailing models (e.g., Autodesk Navisworks, Bentley ProjectWise Navigator and Solibri Model Checker).

Question 11

Deliverable:

Answer 11

A product of engineering and design efforts. Typically, this would be the concept submittal and the corrected final design. A deliverable may have multiple phases.

Question 12

Design-Build (DB):

Answer 12

A method of project delivery in which one firm assumes responsibility for both the design and the construction of the project. By combining these two functions from the outset of the project, Design-Build can promote an interdisciplinary team approach throughout the entire the project.

Question 13

Federated model:

Answer 13

A model composed of multiple models representing the input from all disciplines on a project. The model evolves through an iterative process, with each iteration representing an advancement of the project. Ultimately, the federated model becomes the master model, which carries all 3D geometry and related object information, and becomes an essential element of the product turnover package.

Question 14

Five dimensional (5D):

Answer 14

The integration of quantities and cost into the 3D model. This allows for more accurate takeoffs, as long as the model has included all of the objects necessary for the building. It is important to note that 4D is not necessary in order to generate 5D.

Question 15

Four dimensional (4D):

Answer 15

The integration of time (scheduling) into the 3D model. This allows for scheduling to be more easily understood by allowing the equivalent of time-lapse photography without actually building the structure.

Question 16

Industry Foundation Classes (IFC):

Answer 16

Data elements that represent parts of buildings, or elements of the process, and contain the relevant information about those parts. IFCs are used by computer applications to assemble a computerreadable model of the facility that contains all the information of the parts and their relationships to be shared among project participants. The project model constitutes an object-oriented database of the information shared among project participants and continues to grow as the project evolves through design, construction, and operation. The International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) has created this non-proprietary data exchange format.

Question 17

Integration:

Answer 17

The coming together of primary participants (which could include owner, designer, constructor, design consultants, specialty contractors, key systems suppliers, etc.) at the beginning of a project for the purpose of designing and constructing the project as a team.

Question 18

Interoperability:

Answer 18

The capability of different programs to exchange data via a common set of exchange formats, to read and write the same file formats, and to use the same protocols.

Question 19

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD):

Answer 19

A collaborative approach that brings designers, engineers, construction managers, trade workers, suppliers and fabricators together early in the project to facilitate decision making and optimize project results (quality, productivity/timeliness, constructability, aesthetics and life-cycle management). The use of a single model to investigate clash detection is a common example of IPD.

Question 20

Link:

Answer 20

An association between spatial elements and activities.

Question 21

Model:

Answer 21

3D representation of a building, aspect or project in digital form.

Question 22

Object:

Answer 22

A component or element found in a model (whether 2D or 3D) representing an actual item that may or may not possess any related properties. For an object to be considered intelligent, it must be able to carry properties or attributes that transcend geometry.

Question 23

Object enabler:

Answer 23

An application written by a software developer that allows its custom, or proprietary, objects to be viewed in a different application environment. Object enablers are usually available at no charge from the Website of the relevant application developer.

Question 24

Open file formats:

Answer 24

Non-proprietary protocols and data structure that support the exchange or joint use of digital information by differing software tools.

Question 25

Parametric:

Answer 25

Software objects that reflect the real-world behaviors and attributes of construction materials, equipment and assemblies. Objects possess characteristics of construction materials, equipment and assemblies, and the interrelationship and interaction between them. Consistent relationships between elements is maintained as the model is manipulated.

Question 26

Parametric modeling:

Answer 26

Parametric models are object-based rather than line-based. This allows all objects in a model to be adaptable by simply changing the reference file for that object; it also allows all of the views to be changed automatically when one view is changed.

Question 27

Phase:

Answer 27

A portion of work that arises from sequencing work in accordance with a predetermined portion of a stage.

Question 28

Proprietary file formats:

Answer 28

Protocols and data structure that are specific to the software application of a particular vendor, with the access to those formats being controlled entirely by that vendor. These formats do not support the exchange or joint use of digital information by differing software tools.

Question 29

Quantity takeoff (QTO):

Answer 29

The ability to count, measure and extract any or all of the identified elements contained in a 3D model.

Question 30

Scheduling:

Answer 30

A sequence of activities based upon the elements of a construction plan and reflecting the decisions made with all the project’s known objectives and constraints in mind. It is output from the construction plan.

Question 31

Selection:

Answer 31

An isolated object identified for the purposes of visualizing, clarifying, analyzing, transforming or updating within the model environment.

Question 32

Selection set:

Answer 32

A collection of objects of any number or type that is desired to be viewed and/or manipulated collectively rather than individually. This set can be identified and preserved with a single name.

Question 33

Shop drawing and fabrication software:

Answer 33

Applications developed to produce shop drawings and control fabrication processes (e.g., Tekla Structures, SDS/2, QuickPen products and CADPIPE software).

Question 34

Spatial coordination:

Answer 34

Used for coordination and constructability; identifies physical interferences between objects within the model prior to work in the field. This can apply to optimizing a space, where objects may not be colliding, but might still require attention. (Synonyms: interference, collision, conflict, clash, variance, trade coordination)

Question 35

Spatial element:

Answer 35

Representations in a model of physical elements (e.g., walls) or conceptual elements (e.g., rooms, zones, access space).

Question 36

Synchronization:

Answer 36

The process of updating the schedule and/or the model and updating the 4D model with the new information.

Question 37

Three dimensional (3D) solid model:

Answer 37

Represents the entire volume of an object. Mass properties can also be associated with solid models to more closely represent real-world objects, such as steel or concrete. If additional information is needed (mass, volume, bounding box, centroid, moments of inertia, products of inertia, radii of gyration, principal moments, etc.), they can be extracted with a click of a button. Solids contain the most information and least ambiguity of the 3D modeling types. Complex solid shapes are also easier to construct and edit than are wireframes and meshes

Question 38

Two dimensional (2D):

Answer 38

Refers to traditional construction drawings on paper that display a building in multiple views, with each view showing only height and width, height and depth, or width and depth of the space illustrated in that view. Typical views include floor plans, elevations, section cuts, reflected ceiling plans and detail drawings.

Question 39

Unique ID:

Answer 39

In most BIM systems, conceptual and spatial elements have a unique identifier by which these elements can be addressed. Unique IDs are created once and are associated with only one spatial element.

Question 40

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC):

Answer 40

The use of integrated multi-disciplinary performance models of design-construction projects, including the product (i.e., facilities), work processes and organization of the design-construction-operation team in order to support explicit and public business objectives. “VDC models are virtual because they show computer-based descriptions of the project.” (Kunz & Fischer, 2007)

Question 41

Visualization:

Answer 41

Activities related to creating images for the purpose of seeing.

Question 42

Work package:

Answer 42

A collection of activities to be performed during a specified period of time, usually within one week. An example might be all the formwork and rebar activities associated with the pouring of a foundation slab. These are all organized as they would be executed on the jobsite, with the appropriate time allocated.