Lecture 19: Dermatology diseases

Question 1

What is the clinical term for:

• small lump
• larger lump
• small water blister

Answer 1

• papule
• nodule
• vesicle

Question 2

What is the clinical term for:

• redness
• non-palpable area of discolouration
• macule>2cm

Answer 2

• erythema/rubor
• macule
• patch

Question 3

What is the clinical term for:

• itch
• thinning
• thread vein

Answer 3

• pruritus
• atrophy
• telangiectasias

Question 4

What’s the clinical term for:

• thickened skin with exaggerated skin markings
• bruising
• too much hair
• too little hair

Answer 4

• lichenification
• ecchymoses
• hirsutism
• alopecia

Question 5

what events result in inflammation?

Answer 5

• vasodilation
• increased microvascular permeability
• influx of leukocytes

Question 6

What are the signs of inflammation?

Answer 6

Rubor = redness
Tumor = size
Calor = heat
Dolor = mental suffering
Functio laesa = lose capacity to function

Question 7

What is psoriasis?

Answer 7

Inherited autoimmune disease where the T cells attack the keratinocytes.

Question 8

What factors can trigger psoriasis?

Answer 8

skin injuries
smoking/alcohol
stress
hormonal changes
medication

Question 9

What is eczema and what can cause it?

Answer 9

Chronic skin inflammation, usually flexural part of joints, due to allergies or contact with irritants.

Question 10

What is malignant melanoma and how is it caused?

Answer 10

Skin cancer due to:

• excess sun exposure
• non-inherited mutations
• genetic predisposition

Question 11

How would a malignant melanoma present?

Answer 11

Most occur in the trunk or legs where hyperpigmented lesion can be.

Question 12

What is vitiligo and the cause of it?

Answer 12

An autoimmune condition where the skin is depigmented due to the lack of melanin secreted by the melanocytes. Neurochemicals increase reactive species so melanocytes destroy themselves.

Question 13

What is alopecia areata?

Answer 13

Spot baldness caused by an autoimmune condition.

Question 14

What is acne and the causes of it?

Answer 14

Skin condition that affects the sebaceous glands due to stress, hormones, menstrual cycle, medication.

Question 15

A 28 yrs man presents with excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) due to excessive eccrine sweat gland activity whilst at rest.

Which cells contract to aid the secretory part of his eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 15

Eccrine glands are exocrine glands. Contractile myoepithelial cells surround the secretory portion of the blind-ended sweat gland tube in the dermis.

Question 16

In which epidermal layer of thick skin does keratin synthesis first occur?

Answer 16

Stratum spinosum because keratin synthesis starts when lamellar bodies appear in differentiating keratinocytes.
When biopsies are done, keratin-surrounded desmosomes would pull away from the plasma membrane which is what gives the characteristic “spines”.

Question 17

At which epidermal layer does the packaging and secretion of keratohyalin granules occur?

Answer 17

Stratum granulosum: golgi is needed for this but is typically found in the stratum spinosum. However, golgi increases in size to the stratum granulosum and this is where packaging and secretion occurs.

Granules = granulosum

Question 18

A 42yrs woman has a suspected Schwannoma and her dermatologist presses a tuning fork vibrating at 128Hz in her right then left thigh. She is asked to describe the sensation.

Which sensory receptor is the dermatologist testing with this apparatus?

Answer 18

The Pacinian corpuscles

Question 19

What is the correct Dermalogical term for:

• large water blister
• pus filled vesicle

Answer 19

• bulla(e)

- pustule

Question 20

What is the correct Dermalogical term for:

• palpable, flat topped area>2cm
• scratch
• stretch

Answer 20

• plaque
• excoriation
• striation/striae

Question 21

What is the correct Dermalogical term for:

• scaling
• loss of epidermis
• loss of epidermis & dermis

Answer 21

• scaling/ichthyosis
• erosion
• ulcer