1) General

Question 1

What does SMART stand for?

Answer 1

Specific 
Measurable
Achievable/attainable 
Relevant
Timely

Question 2

What does each element of SMART mean?

Answer 2

Specific- a goal is harder to attain/measure if vague or ill-defined. A person can be over-harsh or over-generous in assessing their progress
Measurable- easily measure progress against goal and acknowledge progress/modify goals accordingly
Achievable- if not, sense of discouragement/failure if not achieved. Efforts should be encouraged
Relevant- meaningful to help motivate us
Timely- specific time frame rather than being too open-ended, can increase focus and motivation.

Question 3

What are the elements of Prochaska DiClemente cycle of behaviour?
What are some uses?

Answer 3

Pre-contemplation 
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse 

Uses include: smoking cessation, exercise, clinical correlates

Question 4

Describe each element of the cycle

Answer 4

PC: before the person has begun thinking about changing a behaviour. No change is possible.
C: first starts to think about changing behaviour. Can be a short period or long period (clinically, if a person is interested, should be supported with further discussion, information/literature and aids)
P: person begins to take some steps to bring about changes
A: person is now taking action and implementing new behaviour. Supportive environment is very important is to be maintained.

Question 5

Describe the two possible outcomes of the cycle

Answer 5

Relapse- can occur number of times until lasting change is finally achieved. Relapse is observed as an opportunity to learn something new to make future attempts more possible (cycle begins again)
Maintenance- change is made and becomes long term

Question 6

What is ESSENCE? What are the 7 pillars of health?

Answer 6

Wellness based model of health maintenance, central to prevention and treatment of disease.
Eduction 
Stress management
Spirituality
Exercise
Nutrition
Connectedness
Environment

Question 7

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 7

The motivation to change/perform a behaviour is elicited from the client.
Client articulates ideas and resolves mixed feelings with help from a counsellor.