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Vet Tech School > Clin Path 2 Lecture > Flashcards

Clin Path 2 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the seven tests that make up a CBC (Complete blood count)?

A
  • Packed cell volume (PCV)
  • Total protein (TP)
  • WBC count
  • Differential WBC count
  • RBC count
  • Hemoglobin
  • Indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
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2
Q

What are the units for PCV, TP, WBC count, DIfferential WBC, RBC count, Hgb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and estimated platelet count?

A
  • PCV: %
  • TP: g/dl
  • WBC count: cell/ul
  • Differential WBC: cell/ul
  • RBC count: cell/ul
  • Hgb: g/dl
  • MCV: fl
  • MCH: pg
  • MCHC: g/dl
  • Estimated platelet count: 7-10 HPF
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3
Q

Label all three parts of the PCV tube below from top to bottom.

A
  • Plasma.
  • Buffy coat (WBC’s and platelets)
  • RBC’s
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4
Q

What can the buffy coat of a PCV help determine the amount of?

A
  • White blood cells
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5
Q

What worm may you see in the buffy coat if the animal is infected with it?

A

-Heartworm

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6
Q

How do the terms hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia affect the plasma of a PCV?

A
  • Hemolysis: Red plasma due to blood.
  • Icterus: Yellow plasma due to liver or kidney disease.
  • Lipemia: White plasma due to just eating a meal (Fat in plasma)
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7
Q

What do MCV, MCH, and MCHC mean and what are their formulas?

A
  • MCV: Mean corpuscular volume ((PCV*10)/RBC)
  • MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin ((Hgb*10)/RBC)
  • MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin Concentration ((Hgb*100)/PCV)
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8
Q

What is crenation?

A
  • Shriveling of a RBC due to being in a hypertonic solution?
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9
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A
  • Variation in RBC size.
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10
Q

What is rouleaux?

A

Stacking of RBC’s

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11
Q

Is it normal for some anisocytosis and rouleaux to be present in canine RBCs?

A

Yes (But only some not alot!!)

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12
Q

What is the shape of canine RBCs?

A

Biconcave disks

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13
Q

What can excessive rouleaux indicate, and what can it be caused by?

A
  • Can indicate hyperprotinemia (High TP).

- Can be caused by excessive inflammation and infection.

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14
Q

What are reticulocytes?

A
  • Immature red blood cells.
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15
Q

How do reticulocytes stain when stained with DIF Quick?

A

Polychromasia (Multiple colors more of a purple color then the red or pink color of red blood cells or blue color of white blood cells)

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16
Q

What are metarubricytes and how do they compare to a reticulocyte?

A
  • They are nucleated RBCs (nRBC).

- They are more immature than a reticulocyte and contain a nucleus (unlike the reticulocyte).

17
Q

Metarubricytes often look like lymphocytes. What are two ways to tell the difference between the two.

A
  • Compare the sizes. Metarubrubricytes are smaller more along the size of a RBC in comparison to lymphocytes which are larger.
  • Metarubricytes also have a darker nucleus (More black or a very dark purple).
18
Q

Seeing some reticulocytes (3-4%) and or metarubricytes (1-2) is normal. What does an elevation of reticulocytes and metarubricytes mean? Is it bad to see an elevation of them?

A
  • Means that the animals body is generating more RBC’s because they are recovering from an anemia.
  • No it is not necessarily a bad thing because it means the animals body is recovering.
19
Q

What are pokilocytes? What are two types of pokilocytes? What causes pokilocytes to appear?

A
  • Abnormally shaped RBC’s
  • Target cells and folded cell.
  • Reduction in hemoglobin.
20
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

Piece of denatured hemoglobin attached to the outer wall of a red blood cell.

21
Q

What causes Heinz bodies?

A

Toxicities (like ingesting garlic or onion in a cat).

22
Q

How do Heinz bodies affect the RBC?

A

They make the cell weaker and more fragile.

23
Q

What stain can be used to view Heinz bodies?

A

New methylene blue stain.

24
Q

What are the five WBC’s of mammals, what do they do, and what causes an increase in their amount?

A
  • Neutrophil: They contain granules that release enzymes to phagocytize foreign bodies. Increase with infection and inflammation.
  • Eosinophils: The granules contain antihistamines. So, they elevate with allergic reactions and parasite infestations
  • Lymphocytes: Makes antibodies. Increases with infections
  • Monocyte: they are phagocytes that phagocytized dead material of chronic and old infections. They can also phagocytize bacteria. Increase with infection and inflammation.
  • Basophil: The contain histamine. They increase in an allergic reaction
25
Q

What is the lifespan of a bovine erythrocyte?

A

160 days

26
Q

What is the shape of bovine red blood cells?

A

Spherical with little to no central pallor.

27
Q

Are anisocytosis and rouleaux common among bovine RBCs?

A

Some anisocytosis is common there is usually no rouleaux.

Vet Tech School (6 decks)

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