Key Topic 4 'I Have A Dream', 1954-68

Question 1

What did President Harry Truman state publicly prior to 1954

Answer 1

Prior to 1954, President Harry Truman stated publicly that he disagreed with the discrimination faced by black people

Question 2

Where were cases of desegregation brought from 1952 onward

Answer 2

From 1952 onwards, cases for desegregation were brought to the Supreme Court

Question 3

What was 1954 a turning point in

Answer 3

1954 was a turning point in civil rights campaigns

Question 4

Who helped Civil Right campaigns become successful

Answer 4

This was largely due to the work of the NAACP

Question 5

When was the NAACP formed

Answer 5

NAACP formed in 1909

Question 6

How did the NAACP work on civil right campaigns

Answer 6

The group worked on civil rights campaigns by lobbying politicians, boycotting segregated services and using publicity to draw sympathy and support for their movement

Question 7

What activists did the NAACP have

Answer 7

They had extremely talented activists such as the lawyer Thurgood Marshall

Question 8

What did Thurgood Marshall get the Supreme Court to do in 1950

Answer 8

In 1950 he successfully managed to get the Supreme Court to rule against segregation in universities and railroad dining cars

Question 9

Who is Oliver Brown

Answer 9

Oliver Brown, a minister for Topeka

Question 10

What did Oliver Brown want for his daughter

Answer 10

Oliver Brown wanted his daughter Linda Brown to attend a white school

Question 11

What race was Linda Brown

Answer 11

Linda Brown was black

Question 12

How old was Linda Brown in 1954

Answer 12

Linda Brown was 7 years old in 1954

Question 13

How far did Linda Brown have to walk to get to her segregated school

Answer 13

Linda Brown had to walk 20 blocks to get to her segregated school

Question 14

How far was the school for white people away from Linda Brown

Answer 14

The school for white people was a few blocks from Linda Brown house

Question 15

What did the NAACP help Oliver Brown do

Answer 15

The NAACP helped her father to bring a legal case against the education board who refused to allow Linda Brown to go to the white school

Question 16

What lawyers did the NAACP use on the Brown v Board of Education case

Answer 16

Thurgood Marshall and Chief Justice Earl Warren presented their case to the Supreme Court

Question 17

What did Chief Justice Earl Warren state publicly

Answer 17

Even if the facilities were ‘separate but equal’, the very fact that black children were kept separate was psychologically harmful to them

Question 18

What was the Supreme Courts ruling on the Brown v Board of Education case

Answer 18

The Supreme Court declared that segregation contradicted the 14th Amendment and the American Constitution

Question 19

Was the Brown v Board of Education a success or failure for civil right campaigns

Answer 19

This was a phenomenal success for the Civil Rights Campaign

Question 20

What didn’t the supreme court give for the desegregation of scholls

Answer 20

The Supreme Court did not give a specific date that segregation in schools had to be abolished by

Question 21

What didn’t many education boards do

Answer 21

Many education boards were reluctant to desegregate

Question 22

What states had schools start to desegregate first

Answer 22

Some schools which were not in the deep Southern States started to desegregate in areas such as Washington DC, Delaware and Maryland

Question 23

By 1956 how many Southern States had no black children attending a white school

Answer 23

By 1956, in 6 Southern States, not a single black child attended a white school

Question 24

What was formed to defend white schools against desegregation

Answer 24

White Citizen’s Councils were quickly formed through the South to try to defend white schools against desegregation

Question 25

What happened to membership numbers of White Citizen’s Councils and the KKK after the desegregation of schools

Answer 25

After desegregation of schools membership numbers for White Citizen’s Councils and the KKK rose to a few hundred thousand

Question 26

What happened to schools in the deep south in states like Virginia

Answer 26

In the deep south resistance was so strong they shut down schools instead of desegregate

Question 27

What did Brown v Board of Education inspire black people to do

Answer 27

Despite white resistance, Brown v Board of Education inspired further campaigns for black people

Question 28

Why did the supreme court support desegregation

Answer 28

Many members of the Supreme Court were Democrats who personally disliked segregation and Jim Crow Laws

Question 29

What idea was emerging in the 1950 on how to overcome racism

Answer 29

There was an emerging idea in the 1950s that racism could be overcome if different races integrated

Question 30

How did Chief Justice Earl Warren help Brown win his case against the Board of Education

Answer 30

He used his political connections to get others to support desegregation, including fellow Justices

Question 31

Who didn’t share Chief Justice Earl Warrens views on integrated schools

Answer 31

President Eisenhower, who did not share his views on integrated schools

Question 32

What is an example of society not wanting to desegregate schools

Answer 32

This can be seen in the case of the Little Rock Nine

Question 33

How did the little rock nine events start

Answer 33

At the start of term in September 1957, nine black pupils tried to attend a school for white children in Little Rock, Arkansas