CXR Common Pathologies Flashcards
How does pneumonia show on CXR?
dense or patchy consolidation
What can you confuse pneumonia with?
in lower zones hard to distinguish from effusion (mention in differentials)
How do you know which lobes are affected by the pneumonia?
loss of clarity of borders indicates lobes affected
If diaphragm border is affected which lobe has pneumonia?
left or right lower lobe
If the right heart border is not as clear which lobe is affected by pneumonia?
RML
If the left heart border is not as clear which lobe is affected by pneumonia?
linguila
How would you describe a pleural effusion?
a homogenous opacification of (right middle and lower zones) of chest
What are the 4 features of a pleural effusion?
- Loss of costophrenic angle
- Homogenous opacification
- Fluid level (manifests as meniscus)
- Exudates vs Transudates
When is it a transudate?
bilateral effusion
When is it an exudate?
unilateral effusion
How do you really determine if it is an exudate or transudate?
pleural aspiration
How can you tell if pneumothroax and which side?
- trachea central
- darker and less vasculature
- loss of lung markings in peripheral lung field
How can you tell if tension penumothorax?
- tracheal/mediastinal deviation away from pneumothorax (darker side)
- Flattening of ipsilateral dome of diaphragm
How do you treat tension pneumothorax?
immediately (insert cannula into 2 ICS)
What could the 4 causes of a single coin lesion be?
- Malignancy
- Infection
- Infarction
- Inflammation